DNA and RNA Structure
DNA Replication
Transcription and Translation
nonmendelian genetics
Mutations and Biotechnology
100
This is the name of the bonds that hold the two strands of DNA together.
What are hydrogen bonds?
100
This is the name of the model for DNA replication where both parental strands are copied, and the resulting daughter molecules each have one parental and one new strand.
What is the semi-conservative model?
100
This is the full name of the RNA molecule that plays a key role in protein synthesis. 
What is transfer RNA?
100
In snapdragons, crossing a red-flowered plant (RR) with a white-flowered plant (WW) produces all pink offspring (RW). When two pink plants are crossed, the phenotypic ratio is 1 red : 2 pink : 1 white.
What is incomplete dominance?
100
This is the primary source of genetic variation.
What are mutations?
200
These two things compose the backbone of DNA.
What are sugar and phosphate?
200
All DNA polymerases synthesizes DNA in this direction.
What is 5' to 3'?
200
This is what the mRNA transcript will read of the template strand of DNA reads: 3'-TTACGGTCAGAC-5' (don't forget your directionalities!)
What is 5'-AAUGCCAGUCUG-3'?
200
A child with type AB blood inherits an IA allele from one parent and an IB allele from the other. Both A and B antigens are expressed on red blood cells.
What is codominance
300
This is the percentage of cytosine in a DNA sample, if the thymine percentage is 23.5.
What is 26.5%?
300
After helicase 'unzips' the genes in DNA replication, these sections of copied DNA are created on the lagging strand.
What are Okazaki Fragments?
300
This is the reason why one gene can code for multiple proteins (Hint: where non-coding sequences of genes are removed and the remaining pieces are joined together)
What is alternative splicing?
300
In a population study, skin color shows continuous variation rather than discrete categories, and environmental exposure to sunlight further modifies phenotype.
What is polygenic inheritance with environmental influence?
300
This mutation is a cause of Down Syndrome, because chromosomes do not separate properly during meiosis.
What is nondisjunction?
400
DOUBLE JEOPARDY
(Two part question!)
These are the pyrimidines of our DNA and RNA nucleotides, and their structure can be described as this.
What is Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil, and single ring structure.
400
During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
The S-phase
400
These two modifications help prevent the degradation of mRNA as it moves from transcription to translation.
What is the 5' cap and the poly-A tail?
400
A pedigree shows a trait that appears in both sexes equally and skips generations. However, molecular analysis shows that individuals with one copy of the allele express milder symptoms than those with two copies.
What is incomplete dominance in an autosomal trait?
500
This is how many hydrogen bonds exist between adenine and thymine.
What is two?
500
To describe the directionality of DNA further, the 3' end of DNA contains this type of R-group.
What is hydroxyl?
500
DOUBLE JEOPARDY
In prokaryotic transcription, this enzyme can bind directly to the DNA, which is a difference from these types of organisms.
What is RNA polymerase and eukaryotic organisms?
500
A chi-square test comparing observed offspring ratios to a 3:1 expected ratio yields a p-value of 0.03.
What is rejection of the null hypothesis because the difference between observed and expected ratios is statistically significant?