Evolution / NS
The change in the genetic makeup of a population over time is defined as...
a. Natural selection
b. Artificial selection
c. Evolution
d. Adaptations
c. Evolution
Characteristics that are similar in two species because they share a common ancestor, such as arm bones in humans, cats, and horses, are an example of ____.
a. Homologous Structures
b. Analogous Structures
c. Vestigial Structures
d. Comparative Structures
a. Homologous Structures
Which type of reproductive isolation osccurs when the reproductive anatomy of one species does not fit with the anatomy of another species?
a. Mechanical Isolation
b. Temporal Isolation
c. Gametic Isolation
d. Behavioral Isolation
a. Mechanical Isolation
____ are traits that served a purpose in a previous ancestor, but do not have a function in a current species, such as pelvic bones in whales and small femur bones in snakes.
a. Homologous Structures
b. Comparative Structures
c. Vestigial Structures
d. Ancestral Structures
c. Vestigial Structures
In a certain species of dog, wire hair (H) is dominant to smooth hair (h). In a population of dogs, 15% have smooth hair. Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented?
a. p
b. q
c. 2pq
d. q2
d. q2
Which of the following is NOT one of the pieces of evidence used to support the Theory of Evolution?
a. Fossils
b. Phenotypic Analysis
c. Embryology
d. Biogeography
b. Phenotypic Analysis
The kangaroo rat is native to the United States while gerbils are native to Africa. Phenotypically, both animals share certain characteristics, like similar ear size, bone structure, and tail length. They are NOT genotypically similar. Which option best explains how these two species are phenotypically similar?
a. Divergent evolution
b. Convergent evolution
c. Adaptive radiation
d. Microevolution
b. Convergent evolution
Identify the method of reproductive isolation: While in the same geographical area, one species of ant occupies tree bark, while another species of ant burrows underground.
a. Habitat Isolation
b. Temporal Isolation
c. Gametic Isolation
d. Behavioral Isolation
a. Habitat Isolation
Which key term describes how groups with the same common ancestor evolve and accumulate differences resulting in the formation of a new species?
a. Convergent Evolution
b. Divergent Evolution
c. Microevolution
d. Phylogey
b. Divergent Evolution
The Miller and Urey experiment produced which of the following?
a. Cellular organelles
b. RNA and macromolecules
c. DNA and amino acids
d. Organic compounds and amino acids
d. Organic compounds and amino acids
Which of the following does not represent a driving mechanism of evolution?
a. Mutations
b. Genetic drift
c. Migration
d. Extinction
d. Extinction
When two different species develop similar traits despite having different ancestors, such as wings in bats, birds, and butterflies, these are examples of ___.
a. Homologous Structures
b. Analogous Structures
c. Vestigial Structures
d. Divergent Structures
b. Analogous Structures
Which type of speciation occurs when populations are geographically isolated by physical barrier which divides the population?
a. Allopatric Speciation
b. Sympatric Speciation
c. Geographical Speciation
d. Isolated Speciation
a. Allopatric Speciation
Human babies that are born too small may have difficulty thriving, while babies born too large may cause complications during delivery. Over time, selection pressures favor babies with a medium birth weight, or _____.
a. Directional selection
b. Stabilizing selection
c. Disruptive selection
d. Adaptive selection
b. Stabilizing selection
A road is built in a forest area. The building of the road separates some beetles from the remainder of their population. Which form of speciation can result because of this event?
a. Allopatric speciation
b. Sympatric speciation
c. Natural speciation
d. Artificial speciation
a. Allopatric speciation
In the 19th century, American settlers to the West hunted the native bison population to nearly zero. Today, through conservation efforts, the wild population of bison is increasing, but suffering with many diseases due to loss of genetic diversity.
This example best illustrates which form of genetic drift?
The Bottleneck Effect
Although huskies and chihuahuas are phenotypically distinct, through many conserved genes they share similar structures such as sharp canine teeth. Here, canine teeth represent a/an ___ and ___.
a. analogous structure / convergent evolution
b. analogous structure / divergent evolution
c. homologous structure / convergent evolution
d. homologous structure / divergent evolution
d. homologous structure / divergent evolution
Identify the method of reproductive isolation: Domestic sheep and domestic goats have different numbers of chromosomes. This prevents a zygote from developing normally.
a. Mechanical Isolation
b. Gametic Isolation
c. Reduced Hybrid Viability
d. Hybrid Breakdown
c. Reduced Hybrid Viability
Which best describes punctuated equilibrium?
a. When evolution occurs slowly over hundreds, thousands, or millions of years.
b. When evolution occurs rapidly after a long period of stasis.
c. A change in allele frequencies within a single species or population.
d. Large evolutionary patterns of change.
b. When evolution occurs rapidly after a long period of stasis.
Whcih of the following is NOT an example of a post-zygotic barrier?
a. Mechanical Isolation
b. Reduced Hybrid Viability
c. Reduced Hybrid Fertility
d. Hybrid Breakdown
a. Mechanical Isolation
Which principle is best illustrated by the following example?
A natural disaster evenly divides and separates a population of wild quail. The new landscape prevents these two populations from breeding, so they may become different over time.
Low Gene Flow
Dolphins, penguins, and fish each have fins to navigate their environment, though they are not genotypically similar to each other. Here, fins are an example of a/an ___ and ___.
a. analogous structure / convergent evolution
b. analogous structure / divergent evolution
c. homologous structure / convergent evolution
d. homologous structure / divergent evolution
a. analogous structure / convergent evolution
Name the specific phenomenon that may lead to speciation by preventing mating or hindering fertilization.
Pre-Zygotic Barriers
When a new habitat or niche becomes available, species can diversify rapidly into many new species. This is known as _____.
Adaptive Radiation
Many species have similar embryonic development, such as chickens, lizards, dogs, and humans, which is known as ____.
embryonic homology