Vocab
Characteristics in related species that have similarities even if functions differ.
Homology
Name one evidence of evolution
Morphology, biogeography, derived traits, etc.
who developed natural selection and where
Charles Darwin, in the Galápagos Islands
Explain 1 thing necessary for a population to be in hardy Weinberg
Large population size, random mating, no mutations, no gene flow, no natural selection
Describe 1 evidence for evolution
Fossils, homologous structures, molecular biology, biogeography
Structures that remain even though they have no use
Vestigial structures
Describe morphology
Morphological: homologous structures, similar structures due to common ancestry
Describe disruptive selection
Selection for the 2 extreme phenotypes and against the middle phenotype
What does the p stand for in the equation
Dominant allele frequency
Evolution is descent with…
Modification
Distributionof animals and plants geographically
Biogeography
Name one post zygotic factor
Reduced hybrid/viability, reduced hybrid fertility, hybrid breakdown
Describe stabilizing selection
Selection for the intermediate phenotype, selection against the 2 extreme phenotypes
What are the 2 equations for hardy Weinberg
P+q=1
p2+2pq+q2=1
Where did Darwin discover evolution and what animal did he use
Galápagos Islands, finch beaks
Describe the differences between Allopatric and Sympatric speciation
Allopatric: A population is divided geographically, preventing gene flow, allowing changes to the seperate groups to be made. Often through Natural disasters
Sympatric: A new species is formed within the population, generally through the exploitation of a certain niche.
Name one prezygotic factor
Behavioral, temporal, geographic, habitat/ecological
Describe directional selection
Selection for an extreme phenotypes and against other phenotypes
Name another factor necessary for a population to be in Hardy Weinberg
Large population size, random mating, no mutations, no gene flow, no natural selection
What did Darwin use to explain descent with modification
Natural selection
Describe Artificial vs Natural selection
Natural selection: individuals with certain traits will have higher chances of reproducing than others
Artificial Selection: individuals with favorable traits are specifically selected to breed while individuals with less favorable traits aren’t.
Describe the usefulness of a cladogram
Varied answers
Natural selection vs artificial selection
Natural selection: organisms with more favorable trait are more likely to survive and reproduce
Artificial Selection: organisms with certain traits are selected to be bred
Founders effect vs bottleneck effect
Founders effect: small population is isolated from original population
Bottleneck effect: population is reduced by a natural disaster
What is the definition of evolution
Changes in genetic makeup of a population over time