Natural Selection
Fill in the blank: Natural selection is the process by which individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to ________ and ________.
survive and reproduce
The ultimate source of genetic variation is ________.
mutation
All alleles in a population make up the ________ pool.
gene
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium applies to ________-evolving populations.
non
QUADRUPLE HELIX REMIX!!!
What is speciation?
The formation of new species
Why does natural selection act on phenotypes instead of genotypes?
Because phenotypes are expressed traits that interact with the environment
How does independent assortment contribute to genetic diversity?
It randomly separates homologous chromosomes during meiosis
What is genetic drift?
Random changes in allele frequencies
TRIPLE PROTEIN MACHINE!!!
List one condition required for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
No mutation, random mating, no selection, large population, or no gene flow
Speciation due to geographic isolation is called ________ speciation.
allopatric
A population of insects becomes resistant to a pesticide over generations. What mechanism caused this change?
Natural selection
DOUBLE DNA DRAMA!!!
Exchange of DNA between homologous chromosomes is called ________ ________.
crossing over
A natural disaster drastically reduces a population’s size and alters allele frequencies. What is this called?
Bottleneck effect
A population begins selecting mates based on specific traits. Which Hardy-Weinberg condition is violated?
Random mating
What is the difference between homologous and analogous structures?
Homologous share ancestry; analogous do not
Explain why individuals cannot evolve.
Evolution is a change in allele frequencies across generations, which occurs in populations
A bacterium gains antibiotic resistance after receiving DNA from another bacterium. What process occurred?
Horizontal gene transfer (conjugation, transformation, or transduction acceptable)
Movement of alleles between populations is called gene ________.
flow
If allele frequencies change over time, the population is ________.
evolving
Two species develop similar traits due to similar environments but are not closely related. What is this called?
Convergent evolution
Traits that increase survival and reproduction are considered ________.
adaptive
Why is genetic variation necessary for natural selection?
It provides different traits for selection to act on
Why does genetic drift have a stronger effect in small populations?
Because random events have a larger impact on allele frequencies
Why is Hardy-Weinberg considered a null hypothesis?
It provides a baseline to compare whether evolution is occurring
A group that includes a common ancestor and all its descendants is called a ________ group.
monophyletic