Unit 1
major elements of life
Sulfur, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus (SCHNOP)
cell not containing membrane-bound organelles; contains bacteria and archaea
prokaryotic cell
region of enzyme that bonds to substrate
active site
long-distance cell signals
hormones
DNA molecules of no sister chromatids broken and rejoined
crossing over
components of organic molecules most commonly involved in chemical reactions
functional/R groups
ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to lose or gain water
tonicity
portion of a system able to do work when temperature and pressure are uniform; abbreviated G
free energy
membrane receptors that catalyze transfer of phosphate groups from ATP to another protein
receptor-tyrosine kinase
separation of homologs occurs here
anaphase 1
large biological molecules not containing 'true polymers'; mostly hydrocarbon regions
Lipids
three components of the cytoskeleton
microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments
only stage of cellular respiration that can occur without oxygen besides fermentation
glycolysis
regulatory protein in mitosis
Cyclin
heterozyous individual in the middle. Ex: dom=red rec=white hetero=pink
incomplete dominance
cholesterol
created when carbs bond to lipids
glycolipids
generates 1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH per pyruvate
Citric Acid Cycle/Krebs cycle
the site of closest attachment of 2 chromatids
centromere
X-shaped regions where crossover occurs
chiasmata
name of link between nucleotides
phosphodiester linkage
active transport that indirectly drives transport of other substances
cotransport
CO2 bound to 5-carbon sugar (RuBP) and catalyzed by rubisco, then 6-carbon molecule split into 2 3-phosphoglycerate
Carbon fixation (stage 1 of Calvin cycle)
enzyme in membrane that converts ATP to cAMP
adenylyl cyclase
results when fertilization leads to nondisjunction
aneuploidy