DNA and RNA
Something that unwinds or “unzips” the double helix of DNA separating 2 single strands during replication
What is Helicase?
The packaging cite of the cell.
What is the Golgi Apparatus?
How much ATP is released in the krebs cycle?
2
Passive transport vs. Active transport
Passive transport doesn’t require ATP ( goes in the direction of the gradient ) , active does require ATP h goes in the opposite direction of the gradient )
Two types of evolution, one in which species diverge from a common ancestor and the other where unrelated species evolve independently of each other to have similar traits
Convergent vs. Divergent evolution
The code that comes in a pair of three, the goes from RNA to amino acids to create proteins.
codons
all cellular components are suspended & most cellular activity occurs here
What is the cytoplasm?
Located on the X-chromosome, males can only be dominant for these genes.
X-linked chromosomes
When chromosomes do not separate correctly during meiosis, resulting in an uneven number of chromosome.
Non disjunction, Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome)
Symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits & the other is NOT AFFECTED
What is Commensalism
specialized intercellular connections between some animal cells that directly connect the cytoplasm of 2 cells allowing substances to pass freely
What is Gap Junctions?
Functional group w/ one oxygen covalently bonded to one hydrogen (-OH); makes polar & increases ability to form hydrogen bonds
What is Hydroxyl?
enzymes that work w/ cyclins to regulate various stages of cell cycle; phosphorylation target proteins apart of DNA replication & chromosome segregation
what is CDK (cyclin dependent kinases)?
a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of a phosphate bond in (ATP) to form (ADP)
ATPase
a principle stating that the genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors.
What is Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium?
Non-DNA altering changes in gene functions that influence organisms behavior
What is Epigenetic?
Which molecules can pass through the semi-permeable membrane via simple diffusion?
What are non-polar molecules (N2+, CO2)
How tay sacs disease Passed down?
autosomal
A molecule binds to the active site of an enzyme before the substrate can, inhibiting the reaction.
competitive inhibition
a sudden and significant reduction in a population's size, leading to a decrease in genetic diversity
What is genetic bottleneck
the insertion or deletion of nucleotide bases in numbers that are not multiples of three. Results in more genetic variation.
Frameshift mutations
What is the mitochondria?
When intense exercise is taking place and the body does not have enough oxygen so it switches over to anaerobic respiration, producing lactic acid which can lead to muscle strain/fatigue?
What is lactic acid fermentation
transmembrane proteins that act as cell surface receptors for various growth factors, cytokines, and hormones
Receptor tyrosine kinases
At what level does Natural selection occur?
population