U3: Cellular Energetics
What are the inputs and outputs of photosynthesis?
Inputs: Sunlight, CO2, and Water
Outputs: Glucose and Oxygen
What are the 3 steps in the signal transduction pathway?
Reception, transduction, and response
What is the type of cell division that produces gametes with half the chromosome number?
Meiosis
Eukaryotic DNA is coiled into these highly condensed structures.
Chromosomes
A population experiencing no environmental resistance will grow according to this model.
What is exponential growth?
What are the two types of metabolic pathways?
Catabolic - breaking large molecules into smaller molecules
Anabolic - building large molecules from small molecules
What is apoptosis?
What is the expected phenotypic ratio from a monohybrid cross of heterozygotes
3 dominant and 1 recessive
This enzyme unwinds the DNA molecule before DNA replication.
Helicase
How does the removal of a keystone species affect the Simpson's Diversity Index over time?
The index decreases, reducing the diversity
Describe the difference between the active site vs the allosteric site on an enzyme.
The active site is where the substrate would bind to the enzyme.
The allosteric site is where allosteric inhibitors and activators can bind to change the shape of the active site.
DNA condenses into chromatids during which phase?
When two genes are located close together on the same chromosome and do not assort independently.
Genetic linkage
What are the two steps of protein synthesis?
Transcription and Translation
When energy moves between trophic levels, only about this percentage is transferred.
What is 10 percent?
Describe the difference between exergonic and endergonic reactions
Exergonic reactions release energy and yield simple products.
Endergonic reactions absorb energy and yield complex molecules.
At what checkpoint does the cell check to see if the spindle fibers are attached correctly?
M or spindle checkpoint
What is the failure of chromosomes or chromatids to separate properly during meiosis?
Nondisjunction
This sugar is part of the backbone of the DNA molecule.
What is deoxyribose?
Changes in top predator populations that indirectly affect lower trophic levels and nutrient cycling describe this phenomenon.
What is a trophic cascade?
Which step of the cellular respiration reaction yields the most ATP?
The third step, the electron transport chain
What is a series of chemical reactions during cell signaling mediated by enzymes, in which each kinase in turn phosphorylates and activates another?
Phosphorylation Cascade
What is the difference between metaphase 1 and metaphase 2 during meiosis?
Metaphase 1 - homologous pairs separate
Metaphase 2 - sister chromatids separate
Sequences of genes that are removed from mRNA before translation are called ____________.
What are introns?
What type of organism must change their behaviors to regulate their body temperature?
What are ectotherms?