Cells
What is the powerhouse of the cell?
Mitochondria
this process uses sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose
photosynthesis
The scientist known as the father of genetics for his pea plant experiments
Gregor Mendel
This carries the genetic instructions for living organisms
DNA
Natural selection acts directly on this observable set of traits
phenotypes
What do plant cells have that animal cells don't have? (Name one structure)
Cell wall, Chloroplasts, Central vacuole
What process converts glucose into usable ATP energy?
Cellular respiration
Different versions of the same gene are called
alleles
DNA is made up of repeating subunits called..
Nucleotides
This type of selection favors individuals at one extreme phenotypic range
directional selection
What is the role of the Rough ER in the cell?
To synthesize proteins and hold ribosomes
this process allows large molecules inside the cell via vesicles
endocytosis
An organism with two identical alleles for a trait
homozygous
This enzyme unwinds the DNA double helix during replication
helicase
This occurs when two populations become unable to interbreed successfully
reproductive isolation
What does the phospholipid bilayer do?
To regulate the movement in and out of the cell
during this stage of cellular respiration, glucose is split into two pyruvate molecules
This type of inheritance occurs when both alleles are fully expressed, like in the AB blood type
codominance
The two strands of DNA are held together by these bonds between nitrogen bases
hydrogen bonds
A dramatic reduction in population size leading to decreased genetic diversity is known as the
bottleneck effect
This theory proposes that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as free living prokaryotes engulfed by larger cells
endosymbiotic theory
What process uses a proton gradient and ATP synthase to produce ATP?
Chemiosmosis
This process produces gametes with half the normal chromosome number
meiosis
The enzyme telomerase primarily functions to solve this replication problem in eukaryotic organisms
the shortening of chromosomes
Name one condition that has to be met for Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium
no mutations
no natural selection
random mating
extremely large population size
no gene flow