Chemistry
When to atoms share a pair of valence electrons
What is covalent
The attraction between water molecules which produces a high surface tension. Allows water to move through plants against gravity.
What is cohesion
Each of the following is a polymer EXCEPT a. protein, b. cellulose, c. glucose, d. starch, e. glycogen
What is C GLUCOSE (it's a monosaccharide)
Category of organic compounds that enzymes fall under.
What is proteins
Name and describe any three functional groups.
What is answers may vary...
The bond that forms when a hydrogen atom is covalently bonded to one atom and is attracted to another electronegative atom.
What is a hydrogen bond
Ionic substances and substances with polar covalent bonds are soluble in water, making water a great _______.
What is solvent
Examples are glycogen, celluose and chitin (also tell where each of those is found)
What is polysaccharides. Glycogen - storage in humans, cellulose - storage in plants and chitin - storage in fungi
When enzymes start to lose their three-dimensional shape and they start to lose their abilty to catalyze reactions they start to become ________.
What is denatured
Maintaining stable internal conditions.
What is homeostasis
Water expands when it freezes, making the ice less dense than the water, causing the ice to ______. Additionally, explain why this is so important.
What is float and because if it sank, nothing would survive in bodies of water.
The difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.
What is saturated has all single bonds where unsaturated has some double bonds and is liquid at room temperature
Substances that lack charged poles such as nonpolar covalent substances do not dissolve in water and are called _________ substances.
What is hydrophobic
Name the monomers (building blocks) of each of the four categories of organic compounds.
What is Protein (amino acids), Carbohydrates (monosaccharies), Lipids (glycerol and fatty acids) and nucleic acids (nucleotides)
Enzymes are proteins and proteins are amino acids. What are the three parts of an amino acid?
What is an amino group, carboxyl group, H and R group
The six major elements found in most living organisms
What are C H O N S P
These are all the properties of water that make it important for life. Name 3 or more
What is cohesion/adhesion/transpiration, high specific heat, good solvent, less dense as a solid
Describe the levels of structure in a protein.
What is primary (amino acids), secondary (alpha helices and beta pleated sheets), tertiary (folding - hydrogen bonds, ionic bonding, disulfide bridges, VDW attractions, quarterany (multiple protein globs together)
Lactose (a dissaccharide) will get broken down into 2 monosaccharides. Name the enzyme involved and explain the reaction taking place.
Lactase, dehydration reaction (water taken out to break down the polymer into monomers)