General Communication
Paracrine and Synaptic signaling are two examples of this type of communication.
What is Local Signaling
This is the signaling molecule that bonds to a specific receptor to start the cell signal pathway.
What is a ligand?
This is the process of programmed cell self-destruction/death.
What is apoptosis?
The name of the largest cell cycle phase where cell growth, copying of DNA, and the cell performing its role.
What is interphase?
The final part of cell division where the cells separate completly.
What is cytokinesis?
Endocrine Signaling, or the movement of molecules through the circulatory system, is an example of this type of signaling.
What is long distance signaling?
The three steps of the cell signal pathway (in order).
What are reception, transduction, and response?
The response of a cell signal can occur in these two locations within the cell.
What are the cytoplasm and nucleus?
This stage is a resting phase where cells do not divide that not all cells may enter. Examples of cells include neurons.
What is G0?
This stage of mitosis is when microtubules pull the chromosomes to the middle of the cell.
What is metaphase?
Testosterone and Estrogen are examples of this type of signaling molecule.
What are Hormones?
The shape of a receptor protein ________ when it bonds with a messenger protein, activating it.
What is changes?
What is termination?
These proteins act as the stop and starting molecules for the cell cycle at various checkpoints.
What are cyclins?
This is the start of mitosis when the cell nucleus begins to break down, the microtubules begin to form, and the chromosomes begin to condense.
What is prophase?
This type of feedback counteracts changes of a stimulus to return to the base level.
What is negative Feedback?
This molecule has been converted from ATP to be used in cell signaling.
What is cAMP?
This type of inhibition blocks ligands from bonding with the protein receptor on the surface of the cell.
What is external inhibition?
What is cancer?
This is the phase of mitosis where the chromosomes split into the sister chromatids and move to the edges of the cell.
What is anaphase?
This type of feedback amplifies a stimulus to increase the effects of the initial input.
What is positive feedback?
The cascading effect of signals activating more proteins at each step of the transduction process is called this.
What is amplification?
This type of inhibition blocks the intermediary molecules from forming within the cell causing the signal to stop.
What is internal inhibition?
If a cell successfully identifies in a checkpoint that an error has occurred, it will do one of three things (name one).
What is fix the error and continue, switch to a nondividing state, or initiate apoptosis?
This is the last official stage of mitosis where cleavage forms between the cells and the nucleus reforms, and the chromosomes begin to recondense
What is telophase?