Vocab
When molecules of water are attracted to each other through hydrogen bonding, also the reason for surface tension.
What is Cohesion?
Water's polarity creates a slightly positive charge here and a slightly negative charge there.
What is the charge of Hydrogen and Oxygen atoms in a water molecule?
Breaking a covalent bond with this water molecule in the compound achieves this
What is Hydrolysis?
This group is composed of an oxygen and hydrogen and generally indicates polarity in a molecule
What is Hydroxyl?
This is the description of the DNA strands running parallel to each other but with opposite directionality.
What is antiparallel?
Large molecules consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked by covalent bonds
What is a polymer?
A substance capable of dissolving other polar molecules and ionic compounds.
What is water or a solvent?
The ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1 in this molecule. There are three subtypes: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
What is a carbohydrate?
This group is composed of a Nitrogen atom bonded to two Hydrogen atoms and it is considered basic.
What is the amino group?
These nucleotides in DNA and RNA are characterized by a structure of two carbon-nitrogen rings and these have single carbon-nitrogen ring.
What are purines and pyrimidines?
Where biological information is encoded in sequences of nucleotide monomers
What is Nucleic Acid?
Adhesion, which is sometimes stronger than cohesion, can cause water to climb up a thin glass tube through this process.
What is capillary action?
Hydrocarbons that include mostly nonpolar carbon–carbon or carbon–hydrogen bonds. They provide insulation and help keep aquatic birds and mammals dry.
What are lipids?
This group is a Carbon atom bonded to three Hydrogen atoms and it is considered nonpolar.
What is the methyl group?
A nitrogenous base, a pentose (five-carbon) sugar, and a phosphate group
What are the three main parts to a nucleotide?
A stable subatomic particle with a charge of negative electricity, found in all atoms
What is an electron?
The amount of heat one gram of a substance must absorb or lose to change its temperature by one degree Celsius. For water this is one calorie.
What is specific heat?
These, which living cells produce, are catalysts in biochemical reactions (like digestion) and are usually complex or conjugated proteins.
What are enzymes?
This group is composed of an Oxygen and Phosphorus bonded to two OH molecules and double bonded to an Oxygen atom. It is considered acidic.
What is the phosphate group?
The four nucleotides in Deoxyribonucleic Acid.
What are adenine, thymine, cystosine and guanine?
Organic molecules consisting entirely of carbon and hydrogen, such as methane (CH4)
What are Hydrocarbons?
It occurs when atoms or groups of atoms break off from molecules and form ions. An example is the separation of the NaCl ionic bonds into Na and Cl by water molecules' polar regions when stirred into water.
What is dissociation?
One of the most abundant organic molecules in living systems, they have the most diverse range of functions of all macromolecules. They may be structural, regulatory, contractile, or protective.
What are proteins?
This group is composed of a Sulfur atom bonded to a Hydrogen atom and is considered polar.
What is a sulfhydryl group?
One uses a strand of DNA as a template to build a molecule called RNA. The other uses RNA molecule to deliver information from the DNA to the protein-building machines.
What are transcription and translation?