Cell Cycle
This process divides the cytoplasm to form two daughter cells after mitosis.
What is cytokinesis?
Meiosis reduces the chromosome number from diploid to this.
What is haploid?
This term describes an organism with two identical alleles for a gene.
What is homozygous?
These are the building blocks of DNA, consisting of a sugar, phosphate, and base.
What are nucleotides?
This strand is synthesized continuously during DNA replication.
What is the leading strand?
During this phase, the cell grows and performs its normal functions before DNA replication.
What is G1?
This number of cell divisions occurs in meiosis to produce gametes.
What is two?
This type of allele is expressed even when paired with a recessive allele.
What is dominant?
This base pairs with guanine in DNA.
What is cytosine?
This enzyme seals gaps between DNA fragments on the lagging strand.
What is ligase?
This structure, made of microtubules, pulls chromosomes apart during mitosis.
What is the mitotic spindle?
This structure forms when homologous chromosomes pair up during Prophase I.
What is a tetrad?
A dihybrid cross of two heterozygotes (AaBb × AaBb) produces this phenotypic ratio.
What is 9:3:3:1?
This duo proposed the double helix model of DNA in 1953.
Who are Watson and Crick?
Replication occurs in this direction along the DNA template.
What is 5’ to 3’?
This phase of mitosis sees the nuclear envelope breaking down and chromosomes condensing.
What is Prophase?
This process during Meiosis I shuffles alleles between chromosomes, enhancing diversity.
What is crossing over?
This exception to Mendel’s rules occurs when both alleles are fully expressed, like in AB blood type.
What is codominance?
This scientist’s observation that DNA composition varies between species, yet follows A=T and C=G rules, helped shape the double helix model.
Who is Erwin Chargaff?
This protein adds an RNA primer to initiate DNA synthesis.
What is primase?
A gene who’s dysfunction can cause uncontrolled cell division.
What is p53?
A well known condition caused by non-disjunction.
What is Down syndrome?
This term describes when a single gene influences multiple, seemingly unrelated traits, such as in Marfan syndrome.
What is pleiotropy?
This technique, used by Franklin, provided critical evidence of DNA’s helical shape.
What is X-ray diffraction?
A specialized enzyme that prevents overwinding of the DNA strand during replication.
What is topoisomerase?