Patterns
Natural Selection
Hardy-Weinberg
Evidence of Evolution
Mystery
100
Selection that favors BOTH of the extremes (or both homozygotes). A population of black, white and gray rabbits in an environment with black and white rocks could serve as an example of this. Black rabbits could hide in black rocks and white rabbits could hide in white rocks. The gray rabbits would have a hard time hiding anywhere.
What is disruptive selection?
100
An excellent example of ___ is seen in bees that pollinate flowers. Bees don't see red but they do see yellow, blue, and ultra-violet light. Flowers that attract bees as pollinators tend to be yellow & blue in color.
What is co-evolution?
100
Fill in the blank: If a population is said to be in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, it is __________.
What is not evolving?
100
The two elements of the molecular record.
What is DNA and proteins?
100
200 million years ago, 1 supercontinent called Pangea began to break up and eventually form the modern continents, this this type of evidence supports the idea of __?__
What is biogeography?
200
Askenazi Jews are an example of this. During WWII, their populations decreased significantly. By chance the remaining population had a high number of the allele that codes for the deadly disease, Tay-Sachs.
What is bottleneck effect?
200
A trait or behavior that helps one survive and reproduce in its environment.
What is an adaptation?
200
How you use the Hardy-Weinberg equations to determine if a population is evolving.
What is determine the change in allele frequency over time?
200
A species that exhibits characteristics of two different groups of animals and serves as evidence for evolution.
What is a transitional species?
200
The agents of change in allele frequency within a population include:
selection, mutation, gene flow, non-random mating, genetic drift
300
The Galápagos tortoises share a common ancestor, but have necks of different lengths to best reach the food they need in their environment; this is an example of __
What is divergent evolution?
300
The definition of evolutionary fitness.
What is the ability to survive and reproduce?
300
In corn, yellow kernel color is governed by a dominant allele; white, by its recessive allele. A random sample of 1,000 kernels from a population that is in equilibrium reveals that 910 are yellow and 90 are white. What are the frequencies of the yellow and white alleles in this population? What is the percentage of heterozygous in this population?
What is p=0.7, q=0.3? 42%?
300
Similar structures found across species that serve as strong evidence of a common ancestor.
What are homologous structures?
300
Tigers and lions will interbreed in captivity and produce viable offspring, but they do not interbreed in Asia under natural conditions where the geographic ranges overlap. Which of the isolating mechanisms account for this?
What is behavioral isolation?
400
each of the different types of selection pressures are 1___, 2___, and 3___
1. disruptive
2. stabilizing
2. directional
400
He proposed the idea of 'use vs disuse' as the mechanism of inheritance.
Who is Jean Baptiste Lamarck?
400
Within a population of butterflies, the color brown (B) is dominant over the color white (b). And, 40% of all butterflies are white. Calculate the frequency of homozygous dominant individuals.
What is 0.135?
400
Structures no longer used by a species but remain due to a past need.
What are vestigial structures?
400
An agent of change caused by a random chance event, such as a hurricane, allows one small group of lizards to float to a 'new' island where they flourish.
What is genetic drift?
500
The nodes or branch points on a tree diagram (cladogram or phylogenetic tree) represent this.
What is a derived characteristic or a derived trait?
500
The movement of individuals and alleles in and out of populations. Modern humans are an excellent example of this.
What is gene flow?
500
After graduation, you and 19 of your closest friends (lets say 10 males and 10 females) charter a plane to go on a round-the-world tour. Unfortunately, you all crash land (safely) on a deserted island. No one finds you and you start a new population totally isolated from the rest of the world. Two of your friends carry (i.e. are heterozygous for) the recessive cystic fibrosis allele (c). Assuming that the frequency of this allele does not change as the population grows, what will be the incidence of cystic fibrosis on your island?
What is 0.25%?
500
The reason DNA serves as evidence for evolution.
What is that all living organisms use DNA?
500
Which of the following principles is NOT part of
Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural
selection?
A) Evolution is a gradual process that occurs
over long periods of time.
B) Variation occurs among individuals in a
population.
C) Mutations are the ultimate source of genetic
variation.
D) Individuals that possess the most favorable
variations have the best chance of
reproducing.
A) Evolution is a gradual process that occurs
over long periods of time.