DNA Synthesis
This enzyme unzips the DNA double helix during replication.
What is helicase?
This nucleic acid carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.
What is mRNA?
This technique is used to amplify small segments of DNA.
What is PCR?
A mutation where a single nucleotide change results in a shift in the reading frame of the codons, often causing a completely different protein sequence downstream.
What is a frameshift mutation?
The Tasmanian tiger was actually this type of animal (known for its pouch), despite its name.
What is a marsupial?
This type of fossilized tree resin can preserve entire organisms, including ancient insects.
What is amber or copal?
This level of ecological organization consists of all the organisms in a given area and the abiotic factors they interact with.
What is an ecosystem?
After DNA replication, the newly synthesized strand undergoes proofreading by this enzyme to correct errors.
What is DNA polymerase?
The type of bond that forms between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another, linking them in a polypeptide chain.
What is a peptide bond?
This process involves inserting a gene from one organism into another organism's DNA.
What is genetic engineering?
A mutation that involves the substitution of one base pair for another in the DNA sequence.
What is a point mutation?
The Tasmanian tiger was one of these - an organism that has an extremely high impact on a particular ecosystem relative to its population.
What is a Keystone Species?
This genetic material can be found in mitochondria and is inherited solely from the mother.
What is mitochondrial DNA?
The restoration of the woolly mammoth is thought to help prevent this process, where increased plant growth releases stored carbon back into the atmosphere, accelerating climate change.
What is the greenhouse effect? or global warming
This structure, formed during DNA replication, is the site where the two DNA strands are separated and replication occurs.
What is the replication fork?
During this process, mRNA is translated into a protein.
What is translation?
This technique is being explored to bring back the woolly mammoth.
What is cloning or genetic engineering?
This type of mutation results in a premature stop codon, leading to an incomplete protein.
What is a nonsense mutation?
The preservation of mammoth remains in this natural, icy substrate has allowed scientists to recover DNA for cloning efforts.
What is permafrost?
Woolly mammoths lived during this geological epoch, which is often referred to as the Ice Age.
What is The Pleistocene?
This term refers to the maximum population size that an environment can support indefinitely without being degraded.
What is carrying capacity?
What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the Okazaki fragments during DNA replication?
What is DNA Ligase?
In eukaryotes, the process of transcription occurs in this organelle.
What is the nucleus?
This system, often used in gene editing, is derived from bacterial defense mechanisms and relies on a guide RNA to direct the Cas9 protein to cut specific sequences in a target gene.
What is CRISPR?
These agents, such as UV light, chemicals, or radiation, can cause changes in the DNA sequence, leading to mutations.
What are mutagens?
This is one of the primary goals of de-extinction efforts for species like the woolly mammoth.
What is ecosystem restoration?
The first cloned animal was this sheep, famous for her name and groundbreaking scientific significance.
Who was Dolly?
This is the amount of energy that moves through an ecosystem’s trophic levels decreases as it moves up the food chain.
What is 10%
These small fragments are formed on the lagging strand during replication and later joined together.
What are Okazaki fragments?
This type of RNA brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation.
What is tRNA?
In gel electrophoresis, DNA fragments are separated based on this physical property, which determines how far they travel through the gel.
What is size?
This genetic disorder, caused by a single point mutation in the hemoglobin gene, results in abnormally shaped red blood cells.
What is sickle cell anemia?
This massive, famous extinct bird, once native to Mauritius, is often discussed in de-extinction conversations due to its extinction in the 17th century.
What is the dodo?
The discovery of the structure of DNA is often attributed to Watson and Crick, but which scientist's X-ray crystallography images were critical in determining the double-helix structure?
Who is Rosalind Franklin?
This ecological relationship involves one organism benefiting at the expense of another, often without killing it immediately, and can impact the population dynamics of both species.
What is parasitism?
This protein binds to single-stranded DNA during replication to prevent it from re-annealing and to protect it from nucleases.
What is single-strand binding protein (SSB)?
Which organelle in a eukaryotic cell is responsible for the post-translational modification of proteins, including the addition of carbohydrate groups to glycoproteins?
What is the Golgi apparatus?
Scientists have successfully inserted spider silk genes into the genome of this organism to mass-produce silk proteins for industrial and medical applications.
What is a goat?
This process occurs when mutations provide a genetic advantage, leading to an increase in the frequency of the beneficial allele in a population.
What is natural selection?
Which company, founded in 2021, is working on de-extincting the woolly mammoth by using CRISPR gene editing technology to insert mammoth genes into the DNA of Asian elephants?
What is Colossal Biosciences?
What is the primary molecule that provides energy for cellular processes, often referred to as the "energy currency" of the cell?
What is ATP?
This occurs when two species divide a resource in order to avoid competition, often leading to different behaviors or adaptations.
What is niche partitioning?