Biochemistry
Cells and Transport
Cell Energetics
Cell Communication
Grab Bag!
100
The process by which macromolecules are joined together is called _______________ and the process where they are broken down is called ___________________.
What are dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis?
100
These are two examples of passive transport.
What are diffusion and osmosis?
100

Enzymes aid the speed of metabolism by ___________.

What is lowering the activation energy?

100

These are the three steps to cell communication.

What are reception, transduction, cell response.

100

The two metabolic pathways and their specific functions.

What are the catabolic and anabolic pathways? Catabolic is the breakdown pathway and anabolic consumes energy to build complicated molecules from simpler ones.

200
__________________ is found in plant cell walls and __________________ is found in fungal cell walls.
What are cellulose and chitin?
200
This type of cell has a cell wall and is an absorptive heterotroph.
What is fungi?
200
These are the types of fermentation
What are alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation?
200

This word refers to "programmed cell death".

What is apoptosis?

200
If the DNA strand to be transcribed is 5'-AAA TAA CCG GAC-3', this is the mRNA strand that is formed.
3'-UUU AUU GGC CUG-5'
300

Amino acids are made up of these three groups.

What are the carboxyl group, amine group, and a variable (R) group?

300
This is the correct sequence of the transport of proteins.
What is the RER --> Golgi ---> vesicles ----> plasma membrane.
300
The Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) takes place here.
What is the mitochondrial matrix?
300

Transduction is often accomplished through a phosphorylation cascade that activates and inactivates this type of enzyme.

What is a "kinase"?

300

The water potential inside of a bag is  Ψs -6.23 bar  & Ψp 0 

The water potential outside of the bag is Ψs -3.25 bar & Ψp 0

This is the direction in which water will flow.

What is into the bag?

400
This chemical reaction in a cell releases energy and is denoted with a negative delta "G"
What is an exergonic reaction?
400
This type of protein completely spans the hydrophobic interior of the plasma membrane.
What is an integral protein?
400

The two laws of thermodynamics.

What is the first law that says energy can be transferred and transformed but never created or destroyed and the second that says every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe?

400

This type of cell surface receptor is the most common in human cells, and is involved in signaling pathways for smell, taste, and cell growth.

What is a G-Protein Coupled Receptor?

400

Draw a carboxyl group.

R-C=0-OH

500
This type of inhibition occurs when a substrate binds to a site other than the active site to prevent enzyme catalysis.
What is allosteric inhibition?
500
This is what happens when a plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution.
It becomes turgid
500
This is the formula for photosynthesis.
light What is 6C02 + 12H20 -----> C6H12O6 + H20+6O2
500

These two small molecules are often used as secondary messengers in transduction?

What are cyclic AMP and Ca2+?

500

Name the levels of protein structure and their roles.
 

What are primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary? Primary is sequence of amino acids. Secondary is the coils and folds of polypeptide chains. Tertiary is the overall shape of a polypeptide based on interactions between side chains of various amino acids. Quaternary is the overall protein sturcture that results from the aggregation of the polypeptide subunits.

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