Mechanisms of Evolution
Populations and Species
Hardy-Weinberg
Life Origins
Phylogenetic Trees
100
Selection that favors BOTH of the extremes (or both homozygotes). A population of black, white and gray rabbits in an environment with black and white rocks could serve as an example of this. Black rabbits could hide in black rocks and white rabbits could hide in white rocks. The gray rabbits would have a hard time hiding anywhere.
What is disruptive selection?
100
2 individuals are considered members of the same species if they can interbreed and produce ________offspring
What is fertile?
100
Fill in the blank: If a population is said to be in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, it is __________.
What is not evolving?
100
Fossil evidence suggests life began at least this many years ago.
What is 3.5 billion?
100
This is what a node represents on a phylogenetic tree.
What is a common ancestor?
200
Selection in which humans choose desirable traits and breed organisms accordingly.
What is artificial selection?
200
A trait or behavior that helps one survive and reproduce in its environment.
What is an adaptation?
200
How you use the Hardy-Weinberg equations to determine if a population is evolving.
What is if p and q change over time?
200
Organic molecules are primarily made up of these 2 elements.
What are carbon and hydrogen?
200
This evidence allows scientists to make more accurate phylogenetic trees.
What is DNA or molecular evidence?
300
Selection that causes an increase in allele frequency of a specific allele or phenotype. The increase of beak size in finches due to a high proportion of large seeds in an ecosystem could be considered an example of this.
What is directional selection?
300
In order for speciation to take place, groups of individuals must first be ________.
What is reproductively isolated?
300
In corn, yellow kernel color is governed by a dominant allele; white, by its recessive allele. A random sample of 1,000 kernels from a population that is in equilibrium reveals that 910 are yellow and 90 are white. What are the frequencies of the yellow and white alleles in this population? What is the percentage of heterozygous in this population?
What is p=0.7, q=0.3? 42%?
300
This is what the Miller-Urey experiment was able to demonstrate:
Organic molecules could have formed under the conditions of early Earth.
300
When looking at a phylogenetic tree, species are more closely related if:
they share a more recent common ancestor than other organisms shown in the tree.
400
This mechanism of evolution gives way to the variation within a species and is considered the "raw material" of evolution
What is mutation?
400
When you are counting all of the alleles for a certain gene within a given population, you are examining the population's_______________.
What is gene pool?
400
Within a population of butterflies, the color brown (B) is dominant over the color white (b). And, 40% of all butterflies are white. Calculate the frequency of homozygous dominant individuals.
What is 0.135?
400
These are the 2 components needed in order to have an organism
What are a cell membrane and genetic material.
400
A branch on a phylogenetic tree represents this.
What is a lineage?
500
The disproportionate representation of a certain allele due to a population at one point being reduced to a select few individuals that had a high representation of this allele. The Askenazi Jews are an example of this. During WWII, their populations decreased significantly. By chance the remaining population had a high number of the allele that codes for the deadly disease, Tay-Sachs.
What is bottleneck effect?
500
These diagrams are used to show the evolutionary history and relationships between species.
What are phylogenetic trees?
500
After graduation, you and 19 of your closest friends (lets say 10 males and 10 females) charter a plane to go on a round-the-world tour. Unfortunately, you all crash land (safely) on a deserted island. No one finds you and you start a new population totally isolated from the rest of the world. Two of your friends carry (i.e. are heterozygous for) the recessive cystic fibrosis allele (c). Assuming that the frequency of this allele does not change as the population grows, what will be the incidence of cystic fibrosis on your island?
What is 0.25%?
500
This finding gives scientists reason to believe that life may exist on other plants.
Meteorites that bombarded earth carried organic molecules. OR- Evidence of water on mars suggests conditions may have once been appropriate for the building blocks of life to have emerge there.
500
Derived traits differ from an ancestral trait in that they:
emerged after the common ancestor of all organisms shown was alive.
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