Cell Biology
Which organelle produces ATP during cellular respiration?
Mitochondrion
What molecule carries genetic information?
DNA
What process converts glucose into ATP?
Cellular respiration
What scientist developed the theory of natural selection?
Charles Darwin
What is the role of producers in an ecosystem?
They make their own food through photosynthesis.
What structure controls what enters and leaves the cell?
Cell membrane
What term describes different versions of the same gene?
Alleles
What organelle carries out photosynthesis?
Chloroplast
What is natural selection?
The process in which organisms with favorable traits survive and reproduce more successfully.
What is the term for all organisms living in a particular area?
Community
What is the main function of ribosomes?
Protein synthesis
If two heterozygous parents (Pp × Pp) are crossed, what percentage of offspring will display the recessive phenotype?
25%
What is the primary function of enzymes?
To speed up chemical reactions
What is a mutation?
A change in DNA sequence
What is carrying capacity?
The maximum population size an environment can support.
What type of transport moves substances from high concentration to low concentration without energy?
Passive transport (or diffusion)
What process produces two genetically identical daughter cells?
Mitosis
What happens to enzymes when temperatures become too high?
They denature
Why is genetic variation important in evolution?
It allows populations to adapt to environmental changes.
What type of relationship benefits one organism while harming another?
Parasitism
Describe the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane.
The membrane is made of a phospholipid bilayer with proteins embedded throughout that can move freely.
Explain the difference between genotype and phenotype.
Genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism, while phenotype is the physical expression of those genes.
Explain the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
Photosynthesis stores energy in glucose, while cellular respiration releases energy from glucose to make ATP.
Explain how camouflage can increase survival through natural selection.
Camouflage helps organisms avoid predators, increasing survival and reproduction.
Explain how energy moves through a food chain.
Energy flows from producers to consumers and decreases at each trophic level.