Enzymes
the 1st law of thermodynamics states
energy cannot be created or destroyed
what is an exergonic process?
a process in which energy is released?
What is a grana?
A stack of thylakoids
Where does glycolysis take place?
In the cytosol of the cell
What is the difference between Photosystem II and Photosystem I
Absorb different wavelengths of light
Photosystem II --> 680nm (P680)
Photosystem I --> 700nm (P700)
What is activation energy?
The energy an enzyme exerts on reactants to lower the time it takes for chemical reaction to take place.
Why is ATP used as an effective energy transfer molecule?
Due to the bonds between adjacent phosphate groups
Cyclic photophosphorylation activates (think of photosystems)
Only Photosystem I
Where can we find the electron transport chain proteins & enzymes?
Inner Mitochondrial Membrane
The organic compound exported from the Calvin cycle
G3P (PGAL)
What is substrate level phosphorylation?
Using an enzyme to bond ADP to Pi in order to create ATP
How much ATP is produced by substrate level phosphorylation?
4 ATP (2 from glycolysis + 2 fm Krebs cycle)
Which materials are utilized during the Calvin cycle in order to reduce fixed carbon to carbohydrate?
Electrons & ATP
What is known as the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration
Oxygen
Why would an organism only utilize Photosystem I
the organism only uses cyclic electron flow
List three ways enzyme lower the activation energy?
Increase speed of reaction
Allow for more collisions
Allow for proper orientation of enzyme/substrate complex
which molecule is necessary in the mitochondria which helps begin the Krebs cycle
Acetyl Coa
In C-3 plants, during carbon fixation of the Calvin cycle, CO2 combines with
RuBP (Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate)
During Glycolysis what molecules are generated and how many?
4 molecules of ATP (net gain of 2)
2 NADH molecules
2 Pyruvate molecules (pyruvic acid)
Chemiosmosis in chloroplasts and mitochondria is different because
the mitochondria converts chemical energy from food into ATP
What is an allosteric inhibitor? Describe how it functions
use of a substrate on allosteric site of an enzyme which helps change the shape of enzyme which leads to enzyme's active site not working (inhibits substrate)
What are TWO differences in Chemiosmosis in cellular respiration & in Photosynthesis?
occurs in different organelles
Mitochondria converts chemical energy from food into ATP whereas the chloroplast takes in light energy to convert into chemical energy to make glucose
Which enzyme is associated with C4 plants? (conversion of carbon in c4 plants is catalyzed by?)
PEP carboxylase
Due to Chemiosmosis, Hydrogen ions pump from the inner membrane space of the mitochondria into the Matrix of the Mitochondria and create ATP.
Which area of the mitochondria would be more acidic?
Inner membrane space of the mitochondria since it has many H+ ions from the ETC
Where do the electrons that participate in the ETC in photosynthesis come from?
Water