DNA History
He discovered that the amount of A is always equivalent to T, and C to G.
Who is Chargaff?
The half of DNA that is synthesized continuously during replication.
What is the leading strand?
This type of mutation results in introducing a premature stop codon into the mRNA before the amino acid sequence of the protein is completed.
What is a nonsense mutation?
Final product of translation.
What is a protein?
Mitosis occurs in these cells, which are diploid cells.
What is somatic cells?
He discovered that mixing a heat-killed pathogenic strain of bacteria with a living nonpathogenic strain can convert some of the living cells into the pathogenic form.
Who is Griffith?
DNA replication occurs here before moving onto to the other two phases of the cell cycle.
What is S phase?
Removal of these on the pre-mRNA sequence occurs in elongation.
What is splicing of introns?
This piece of tRNA is complementary to the corresponding mRNA codon
What is the anticodon?
There are 34 chromosomes during metaphase. There will be this number after cytokinesis in EACH cell.
What are 34 chromosomes?
Watson and Crick discovered the orientation of the DNA strands in relationship to one another.
What is anti-parallel?
The enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of a DNA strand in the 5ʹ → 3ʹ direction.
What is DNA polymerase III?
RNA polymerase begins transcription of a gene at this location.
What is promotor?
This type of gene mutation is the substitution of one nucleotide of DNA for another.
What is a point mutation?
Failure of separation of homologous chromosomes is called this during meiosis (I or II).
What is nondisjunction?
Scientist(s) solidified DNA as the transformation agent by placing bacteria in sulfur or phosphorus solution.
Who is Hershey and Chase?
It joins Okazaki fragments together.
What is ligase?
An mRNA molecule of 21 nucleotides would have these many amino acids in the polypeptide chain.
What is 7?
The small structure of this recognizes and attaches to the 5ʹ cap of mRNA at the beginning of translation.
What is the ribosome?
Separation of homologous chromosomes occurs here and separation of sister chromatids occurs here.
What is Meiosis I and Meiosis II?
What is anaphase I and anaphase II?
Scientist(s) that used the process of X-ray diffraction to create photographs of crystallized DNA.
Who is Rosalind Franklin?
The enzyme that relieves strain in the DNA ahead of the replication fork.
What is topoisomerase?
A particular triplet of bases in the template strand of DNA is 5ʹ AGT 3ʹ. The corresponding codon for the mRNA transcribed is this.
What is 3ʹ UCA 5ʹ?
The redundancy and ambiguity in the genetic code that allows several of these to chose the same amino acid.
What are codons?
The exact number of these cells that are made from meiosis.
What are 4 egg/sperm (haploid) cells from meiosis?