Photosynthesis Basics
What is the main product of photosynthesis?
Glucose
What is the main product of cellular respiration?
ATP
What energy conversion happens during the light reactions?
Light energy is converted to chemical energy (ATP and NADPH).
What is the main purpose of the Calvin Cycle?
To synthesize glucose from carbon dioxide.
What is produced in lactic acid fermentation?
Lactic acid
What organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?
Chloroplast
What are the three main stages of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle), Electron Transport Chain
Where do the light reactions take place?
Thylakoid membranes
What molecule enters the Calvin Cycle?
Carbon dioxide
What is fermentation?
A metabolic process that converts sugar to acids, gases, or alcohol in the absence of oxygen.
What pigment absorbs light in plants?
Chlorophyll
Where does glycolysis occur?
Cytoplasm
What molecule is produced as a byproduct during the light reactions?
Oxygen
What is the end product of the Calvin Cycle?
G3P simple sugar (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate)
What types of fermentation are there?
Lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation.
What are the general reactants and products of photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide + Water --> Glucose + Oxygen
What is the equation for cellular respiration in words?
Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + ATP
What is the function of NADPH?
NADPH provides reducing power for the Calvin Cycle.
What enzyme is crucial for the Calvin Cycle?
Rubisco (ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase)
What is the main difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
Aerobic uses oxygen; anaerobic does not use oxygen.
What is the role of water in photosynthesis?
Water is split to provide electrons and protons (Hydrogen atoms)
What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?
Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
What is the role of ATP synthase?
ATP synthase produces ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
How many turns of the Calvin Cycle are needed to produce one glucose molecule?
Three turns (fixing three CO2 molecules).
How does fermentation benefit organisms?
It allows organisms to produce energy without oxygen and regenerate NAD+.