Chemistry of Life
All organic molecules contain __________
What is carbon
These are the four (4) macromolecules
What are proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids
This is a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction
What is an enzyme
This is the part of the phospholipid bilayer that repels water
What is hydrophobic
These are the two (2) products of photosynthesis
What are glucose and oxygen
This is a property of water where hydrogen bonds hold water molecules together
What is cohesion
This class of macromolecule stores all hereditary information and carries protein-coding instructions
What are nucleic acids
(True or False) Enzymes change shape after a reaction
What is false
This describes a molecule moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
What is diffusion
These are the three (3) factors needed for photosynthesis to occur
What are carbon dioxide, sunlight, and water
The bonds that cause a slight negative charge at one end of one water molecule that attracts the slight positive charge of another water molecule
What are hydrogen bonds
This macromolecule is the major structure of the cell/plasma membrane
What are lipids
Raising the temperature slightly will __________ the rate of a reaction
What is increase
This structure prevents plant cells from bursting
What is the cell wall
This is what carbon dioxide enters the plant through
What are stomata
This property explains the ability of a water strider to walk on water
What is surface tension
This is a reaction in which two (2) molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a water molecule
What is a dehydration synthesis reaction
Enzymes lower the __________ energy of chemical reactions by stabilizing the transition state
What is activation
This type of transport through the cell membrane requires energy
What is active transport
Chlorophyll and other pigments involved in the absorption of solar energy reside within the __________ of chloroplasts
What is the thylakoid membrane
These molecules cause oxygen to be more electronegative than hydrogen, leading to an unequal distribution of electrons
What are polar molecules
The atomic ratios of this macromolecule are C-1, H-2, O-1
What are carbohydrates
Enzymes are highly specific to their __________ which binds to the active site.
What is substrate
These are water specific channels through the cell membrane
What are aquaporins
This is the stage of photosynthesis where sugar is made
What is the Calvin cycle