Molecules and Cells
What is this bond, which causes high specific heat and surface tension due to the attractive force between water molecules?
hydrogen bonding
This term describes a trait that is expressed in the phenotype when an individual has two different alleles.
What is Dominant?
This specific structure within the chloroplast is where the light-dependent reactions occur.
What is the Thylakoid?
This mechanism, proposed by Charles Darwin, suggests individuals best suited to their environment survive and reproduce.
What is Natural Selection?
This is the general percentage of energy transferred from one trophic level to the next in an ecosystem.
What is the 10% Rule?
What is the binding that plays a decisive role in forming the secondary structure of proteins (alpha helix, beta sheet)?
Hydrogen bonding (between amino acid residues)
These short DNA fragments are synthesized discontinuously on the lagging strand during DNA replication.
What are Okazaki fragments?
This specific stage of cellular respiration generates the largest amount of ATP.
What is Oxidative Phosphorylation?
This phenomenon involves a change in allele frequencies in a population due to random chance events.
What is Genetic Drift?
This principle states that two species competing for the same limiting resource cannot coexist at constant population values.
What is Competitive Exclusion?
In the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which molecule regulates 'fluidity' and prevents coagulation at low temperatures?
cholesterol
These non-coding sequences are removed from pre-mRNA during the processing stage in eukaryotes.
What are Introns?
This type of inhibition occurs when a molecule binds to a site other than the active site, changing the enzyme's shape.
What is Non-competitive Inhibition?
This evolutionary pattern occurs when species with a common ancestor follow different paths, resulting in homologous structures.
What is Divergent Evolution?
This plant hormone is produced in response to water stress and signals the stomata to close.
What is Abscisic Acid (ABA)?
"This specialized transport process involves the use of a proton gradient, established
Cotransport (or Secondary Active Transport)
Name two of the five conditions required for a population to remain in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
Pick 2: No mutations, No gene flow, Random mating, No selection, Large population)
This is the name of the electrochemical gradient used to drive the synthesis of ATP as protons move across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
What is a Proton Gradient?
This theory suggests that evolutionary history consists of long periods of stasis interrupted by sudden, rapid bursts of change.
What is Punctuated Equilibrium?
This type of regulation, like blood sugar control, occurs when the output of a system reduces the original stimulus.
What is Negative Feedback?
"In a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, a specific recessive genetic disorder affects 4 out of every 100 individuals. According to the Hardy-Weinberg equation, this specific percentage represents the frequency of the 'carriers' (heterozygotes) within this population."
"What is 32%?"
This field of study focuses on heritable changes in gene expression that do not involve changes to the underlying DNA sequence.
What is Epigenetics?
This enzyme fixes carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle but can also bind to Oxygen leading to a wasteful process called photorespiration.
Rubisco
This type of speciation occurs without geographical isolation, often due to polyploidy or habitat differentiation.
What is Sympatric Speciation?
Process in which bacteria converts nitrogen gas into ammonium.