Evolution
This is the movement of alleles into or out of a population.
What is gene flow?
This element is the backbone of organic molecules due to its ability to form four covalent bonds.
What is carbon?
A bacterial cell placed in this type of solution will gain water as the surrounding environment has a lower solute concentration than inside the cell.
What is a hypotonic solution?
The specific location on an enzyme where a substrate binds.
What is the active site?
These are the three main stages of the eukaryotic cell cycle, in which cells undergo division, growth, and cytoplasmic division.
What are mitosis, interphase, and cytokinesis?
If one allele at a locus has a frequency of 0.2, this is the frequency of the other allele, assuming there are only two alleles.
What is 0.8?
_____ is the process by which macromolecules are joined together.
_____ is the process by which macromolecules are broken apart.
What are dehydration synthesis, hydrolysis?
These are two examples of passive transport.
What is diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion?
Enzymes lower this to speed up chemical reactions.
What is activation energy?
During this stage of the cell cycle, the cell continues to grow and prepares for mitosis by synthesizing proteins and organelles.
What is the G2 stage?
This type of selection eliminates the extreme phenotypes and favors a more intermediate form.
What is stabilizing selection?
Water's high specific heat is primarily due to these intermolecular bonds.
What are hydrogen bonds?
These cylindrical organelles are found in animal cells and play a key role in organizing microtubules during cell division.
What are centrioles?
Cyanide disrupts cellular respiration by blocking this molecule, preventing it from accepting electrons in the electron transport chain.
What is oxygen?
This type of feedback loop amplifies a response.
What is a positive feedback loop.
This type of speciation occurs without geographic isolation, where new species arise from a single ancestral species in the same environment.
What is sympatric speciation?
Nucleic acids are made of these three main components.
What are a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base?
After the primary structure of a protein is synthesized by ribosomes attached to the rough ER, this is the correct sequence of organelles or structures it travels through for modification and secretion.
What are the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, vesicles, and plasma membrane?
This stage of cellular respiration releases carbon dioxide as a byproduct during the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA and the subsequent citric acid cycle.
What is pyruvate oxidation?
These genes, when mutated or overexpressed, have the potential to cause normal cells to become cancerous by promoting uncontrolled cell division.
What are oncogenes?
According to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium these five conditions must be met in order to maintain a stable, non-evolving population.
1. Large population size
2. No mutation
3. No gene flow
4. Random mating
5. No natural selection
Attractions between R groups determine what level of protein structure?
What is tertiary structure.
The folds of the inner membrane of the mitochondria, known as cristae, serve this purpose to enhance cellular respiration.
What is increasing the surface area for ATP production?
This process involves the addition of a phosphate group to a molecule, often regulating the activity of enzymes and proteins in cells.
What is phosphorylation?
The phosphate groups that are added to a kinase molecule during phosphorylation typically come from this molecule, which carries high-energy phosphate bonds.
What is ATP?