Liquid water's high specific heat is mainly a consequence of the .... (Elaborate)
absorption and release of heat when hydrogen bonds break and form (cool stays cool / warm stays warm) (resists change)
100
The element present in all organic molecules is
Carbon
100
Hydrophobic substances such as vegetable oil are (polar/nonpolar) and (attract/repel) water?
Nonpolar & Repel
100
Some bacteria are metabolically active in hot springs because
their enzymes have high optimal temperatures
100
The active site of an enzyme is the region that
is involved in the catalytic reaction of the enzyme
200
The slight negative charge at one end of one water molecule is attracted to the slight positive charge of another water molecule. What is this attraction called?
Hydrogen Bond
200
Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined by a glycosidic linkage to one galactose molecule. How is lactose classified?
disaccharide
200
Which type of interaction stabilizes the α helix and the β pleated sheet structures of proteins?
Hydrogen bonds
200
What results from an unequal sharing of electrons between atoms?
Polar Covalent Bond
200
Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reaction by lowering the ____________________.
Activation energy
300
Which type of bond must be broken for water to vaporize?
Hydrogen bond
300
Amino acids are acids because they always possess which functional group?
Carboxyl
300
There are 20 different amino acids. What makes one amino acid different from another?
different side chains (R groups) attached to an α carbon
300
What is the chemical reaction mechanism by which cells make polymers from monomers?
dehydration reactions
300
The mechanism in which the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an earlier step in the pathway is most precisely described as
feedback inhibition.
400
Why does ice float in liquid water?
Hydrogen bonds stabilize and keep the molecules of ice farther apart than the water molecules of liquid water. (Crystallization)
400
Reactants capable of interacting to form products in a chemical reaction must first overcome a thermodynamic barrier known as the reaction's
activation energy
400
Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?
carboxyl and amino
400
What macromolecule is not formed by dehydration reactions?
Fatty acids (lipids)
400
A solution of starch at room temperature does not readily decompose to form a solution of simple sugars because
the activation energy barrier for this reaction cannot easily be surmounted at room temperature
500
A water strider can walk across the surface of a small pond due to what property of water?
cohesion / high surface tension
500
On food packages, to what does the term insoluble fiber refer?
Cellulose
500
"The binding of the substrate changes the shape of the enzyme's active site." this statement is part of what hypothesis?
induced fit hypothesis
500
The difference between the sugar in DNA and the sugar in RNA is that the sugar in DNA
contains one less oxygen atom.
500
When you have a severe fever, what grave consequence may occur if the fever is not controlled?