Macromolecules
What is the byproduct of dehydration synthasis?
H2O (Water)
Carbon has this many valence electrons.
What is four?
These are the four classes of macromolecules.
What are proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids?
Enzymes are a specific type of what macromolecule?
What are proteins?
These bonds hold hydrogen and oxygen atoms together in a water molecule.
What is a polar covalent bond?
What does Adenine pair with in DNA?
Guanine
These are molecules that have the same elements and basic structure, but have a slightly different bonding order.
What are isomers?
This is the monomer for carbohydrates.
What are sugars?
This is the molecule that an enzyme binds to.
What is a substrate?
These bonds occur between water molecules.
What are hydrogen bonds?
What is the difference in saturated vs unsaturated fatty acids?
Saturated: has no double bonds (means there will be more hydrogens)
These are straight lines
Unsaturated: has double bonds
These bend because of the double bonds
This class of chemical is nonpolar and consists of only two elements.
What are hydrocarbons?
This reaction joins together the subunits of all macromolecules.
What is dehydration synthesis?
This is the place on the enzyme where binding takes place.
What is the active site?
Water generally takes this role in a solution.
What is a solvent?
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
Phosphate, pentose sugar ring, and nitrogenous base.
This charged functional group is common in amino acids and fatty acids.
What is a carboxyl group?
What are the bonds that join nucleotides in a polymer of nucleic acids?
What are phosphodiester linkages?
This is the name for a molecule that mimics an enzyme's substrate.
Competitive Inhibitor
This term refers to the ability of water to flow upwards through a narrow space, resisting gravity.
What is capillary action?
What are the structures of the proteins? Name and describe them.
Primary - single amino acid sequence
Secondary - alpha helix and beta-pleated sheet
Tertiary - 1 polypeptide folded in on itself
Quaternary - 2 or more polypeptides joined together
This class of isomer only exists when a double bond is present.
What is a cis-trans isomer?
Unsaturated fatty acid chains are generally liquid at room temperature because of this.
What is a Carbon-Carbon double bond?
Change in pH, temperature, or salinity can cause this to happen to an enzyme, rendering it non-functional.
What is denaturation?
This water property is how sweat is able to cool your skin.
What is evaporative cooling?