Experimental Design
Introduction to Statistics
Water Properties
Lipids/Carbohydrates
Nucleic Acids/ Proteins
100
Caffeine increases Daphnia heart rate. What is a null hypothesis for this experiment?
What is “Caffeine has no effect on Daphnia heart rate”?
100
The normal curve is symmetric and “bell-shaped.” In a perfectly normal distribution, how do mean, median, and mode compare?
They are all equal to each other.
100
The weak attractions between neighboring water molecules are called
What are hydrogen bonding?
100
What are FATS composed of?
glycerol and fatty acids
100
List the three parts of a nucleotide.
What are phosphate, pentose sugar, and nitrogenous base?
200
Does exposure to Beyoncé music change the rate of CO₂ production by yeast fermenting glucose. What is the independent variable in this experiment?
What is the presence of Beyonce's music?
200
Your data are skewed with outliers. Which center and spread should you report? How do you report it?
Use median and IQR
200
In plant xylem, which two water properties enable the transpiration stream?
Cohesion and Adhesion
200
Difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.
What is “no double bonds vs. one or more C=C”
200
Primary biological role of DNA vs. mRNA.
What are “DNA stores hereditary information; mRNA carries coding info to ribosomes”?
300
Does exposure to Beyoncé music change the rate of CO₂ production by yeast fermenting glucose. If you were to conduct this experiment, what would be your negative control?
Yeast placed with no glucose and in silence.
300
A wide standard error (SEM) bar means your sample mean is an imprecise estimate of the true population mean.
300
Coastal areas have milder temperatures than inland areas because water…
What is “absorbs/releases heat slowly (high specific heat), moderating climate”?
300
What’s the monomer of carbohydrates and the typical formula pattern?
What is a monosaccharide
300
efine primary vs secondary structure.
What are “amino-acid sequence” vs “α-helices/β-sheets stabilized by backbone H-bonds”?
400
How does pH influence the rate at which amylase breaks down starch. Identify two constant variables in this experiment.
size of enzyme volume, starch concentration/volume, temperature (e.g., 37 °C), total time, mixing, tube size.
400
YouTube likes on music videos (thousands) — 10 videos
120, 130, 135, 140, 145, 150, 160, 170, 175, 600
For each set, calculate the mean and median. Round to 2 decimals and include units.
mean = 192.50, median = 147.50
400
Why does ice float?
What is “a crystalline structure with more open space lowers density”?
400
The bond connecting glycerol to fatty acids in triglycerides; how is it broken?
What is an ester linkage; broken by hydrolysis (e.g., lipase)?
400
What are all the functions of a protein?
Antibody-help protect the body from disease
Enzyme- carry out chemical reactions or assist in creating new molecules
Messenger- transmit signals (ie hormones)
Structural- provide structure and support
Transport/storage- bind to and carry small atoms and molecules through the body
500
How does pH influence the rate at which amylase breaks down starch. Identify a positive and a negative control group for this experiment.
Negative control: Starch alone
Positive control: Amylase in water
500
Superhero movie runtimes (minutes) — 10 films
98, 105, 112, 120, 123, 130, 132, 140, 155, 180
The standard deviation is 24.38 minutes. Calculate the standard error of the mean.
7.71 min
500
Oil and water don’t mix because lipids are…
What are nonpolar/hydrophobic?
500
The bond that links sugars in di- and polysaccharides; how is it formed?
What is a glycosidic linkage, formed by dehydration synthesis?
500
What is the difference between pyrimidines and purines?
Pyrimidines: one ring with 6 atoms
Purines: one ring with 6 atoms bonded to one ring with 5 atoms