Cells
Specialized compartments within the cell are called:
organelles
What are the 3 macromolecules that make up the plasma membrane?
lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates
How does cell size affect the rate of membrane transport?
Molecules diffuse faster through smaller cells
Osmosis in the movement of water towards areas of:
higher solute concentration
Cell compartmentalization _____ a cell's efficiency.
increases
Bacteria and Archae fall under which category of cells?
Prokaryotes
The main component of the plasma mebrane (bilayer) is:
phosopholipid
Movement along/with the concentration gradient is known as:
passive transport (diffusion)
The measure of the solute concentration in a solution is known as:
osmolarity
Any close and long-term biological interaction between two different species is known as:
symbiosis
The defining characteristics of eucharyotic cells are the presence of a nucleus and __________
membrane-bound organelles
Some molecules have an easier time passing through the plasma membrane than other. This is known as:
selective permeability
Movement against the concentration gradient is known as:
active transport
The amount of solute in a solution relative to another solution is known as:
tonicity
What happens during endosymbiosis?
One cell engulfs another cell and they both survive and benefit
Ribosomes function by:
synthesizing proteins
Excretion involves vesicles fusing to the plasma membrane and the materials within the vesicle are:
released to the outside environment
What are the two types of transport proteins?
channels and carriers
Water flows _______ the cell in hypertonic solutions.
out of
Which organelle is believed to evovle from photosynthetic bacteria?
chloroplast
The rough ER functions by ______, while the smooth ER functions by ________.
making/modifying proteins ; making lipids
Which organelle breaks down substances in the digestion pathway?
lysosomes
Molecules moving down their concentration gradient with the assistance of a transport protein is known as:
facilitated diffusion
The ideal solution for animals cells to be in is:
isotonic
Name one piece of evidence to support Endosymbiotic Theory?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own circular DNA and ribosomes (like prokaryotic cells)