Cell Transport
The type of molecules that diffuse through cell membranes most rapidly (2 characteristics)
What is small and nonpolar
This is the cell structure responsible for making proteins
What is a ribosome
A cell placed in this type of solution will stay the same size
What is isotonic
This is the main reason cells are so small—nutrients and wastes must move across the membrane efficiently.
Surface Area-to-volume ratio
If a cell’s ψP = 3 bars and its ψs = -4.5 bars, what is the resulting ψ?
What is -1.5 bars
If a substance diffusing across the cell membrane reaches equilibrium, do molecules still cross the cell membrane?
Yes, there is no longer a NET movement
This organelle packages and places a chemical tag on proteins and lipids in order to deliver the molecule to the correct location in an organism
Golgi Body (apparatus)
A cell placed in this type of solution will shrink
What is hypertonic
As a cell grows larger, the surface area-to-volume ratio _____________, making transport less efficient.
What is decreases
A cell with -2 water potential is placed in a open beaker of sugar water with ψs with -4.0 bars. In which direction
will the net flow of water be?
What is Out of the cell
If a cell needs to move a substance against its concentration gradient, this process is used
Active transport
This organelle synthesizes lipids and steroids
Smooth ER
A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. After 24 hours, you would expect the cell to now be _____ with the solution
isotonic
Cells often adopt shapes like being long and thin, or having folds and projections, to maximize this property.
What is surface area
A potato slice with a mass of 7.8 grams is placed in a 1.0 Molar solution of sugar and left overnight. The mass the next day was 5.7.
What is the percent change in mass?
−26.9%
This is the name of the process where a cell takes in a large quantity of molecules rapidly by wrapping the cell membrane around it and creating a vesicle
Endocytosis
During endocytosis, cells can take in nutrients from their surroundings and then store them using these organelles.
Vesicle
If a cell with a 10% solute concentration is placed in a solution with a 15% solute concentration, what direction will water move?
Out of the cell
A cell has the surface area of 4 cm2 and the volume of 2 cm3. What is the surface area-to-volume ratio?
Your potato slice has a ψs = -5 of glucose at a temperature of 22 degrees Celsius.
What is the Molarity of the potato?
0.2 M
When a cell needs to move a polar or charged molecule across the membrane with its concentration gradient it will use this type of protein
channel protein
This organelle can fuse with a vacuole to destroy unnecessary cellular components.
Lysosome
A cell with a water potential of -4 is placed in a solution with the water potential of -1.5. What direction will water move?
Into the cell
A cube piece of beet with a surface area-to-volume ratio of 6 and a sphere piece of beet with a surface area-to-volume ratio of 3 are put into a container of bleach. Which will change colors completely first?
What is the cube shape (Higher ratio!)
A plant cell with a ψs of -7.5 bars keeps a constant volume when immersed in an open beaker solution that has a ψs of -4 bars.
What is the cell’s ψP?
Ψp=−4+7.5=3.5bars