Cell Transport
If a substance diffusing across the cell membrane reaches equilibrium, do molecules still cross the cell membrane?
Yes, there is no longer a NET movement
What is the cell structure responsible for making proteins?
Ribosome
What type of solution makes a cell placed in it shrink?
Hypertonic
What are 4 parts common to ALL cells?
What term describes how the plasma membrane only lets certain molecules across?
Selective permeability
What type of molecule moves through cell membranes most rapidly
Small and nonpolar
What organelle packages and places a chemical tag on molecules in order to deliver the molecule to the correct location in an organism?
Golgi apparatus
A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. After 24 hours, you would expect the cell to now be _____ with the solution.
Isotonic
Where is DNA found in a eukaryotic cell? Where is DNA found in a prokaryotic cell?
What term describes how the plasma membrane is made up of phospholipids and proteins that can move?
Fluid mosaic
If a cell needs to keep a large concentration of K+ inside of its membrane, what process is used?
Active transport (Na/K Pump)
What organelle synthesizes lipids and detoxifies?
Smooth ER
How do organisms that live in a hypotonic environment keep from their cells exploding?
Pump out excess water with a contractile vacuole
What type of cell has a relatively low surface area to volume ratio?
Large cell
Which proteins are found bound to the surface of the membrane? Which proteins penetrate the phospholipids?
Peripheral; integral
What is the name of the process where a cell takes in bulky molecules?
Endocytosis
During endocytosis, cells can take in nutrients from their surroundings and then store them using what organelles?
Vacuole
If a cell with a 10% solute concentration is placed in a solution with a 15% solute concentration, what direction will water move?
Out of the cell
Which 2 organelles do scientists believe were formed by endosymbiosis?
Mitochondria & chloroplasts
What does the prefix glyco- imply about a molecule?
That is has a carbohydrate attached (ex. glycolipid, glycoprotein)
When a cell is exporting a protein in mass quantities, what 3 organelles are involved?
Rough ER, Golgi Body, Vesicle
What organelle can fuse with a vacuole to destroy unnecessary cellular components?
Lysosome
A cell is placed in an open container. Both the cell and the solution are at 27 degrees C and contain 1.0 M of solute. The cell contains glucose while the solution contains sodium chloride. Which way will the water move?
Out of the cell
What are 2 ways that cells increase their SA:V without significantly increasing their volume?
Flatten (elongated) & protrusions (extensions)
What are two ways that cells can control the fluidity of their membrane?
Saturated vs. unsaturated phospholipid tails & cholesterol