Cell Transport
The type of molecule that move diffuse through cell membranes most rapidly
What is small and nonpolar
This is the cell structure responsible for making proteins
What is a ribosome
A cell placed in this type of solution will stay the same size
What is isotonic
Condensation of chromatin into chromosomes occur during this stage of the cell cycle.
What is Mitosis (or Prophose)
Organelles like chloroplasts and mitochondria were once free-living prokaryotic cells that were engulfed by another cell, developing a symbiotic relationship and eventually becoming a permanent part of that cell.
What is endosymbiotic theory
If a substance diffusing across the cell membrane reaches equilibrium, do molecules still cross the cell membrane?
Yes, there is no longer a NET movement
This organelle packages and places a chemical tag on molecules in order to deliver the molecule to the correct location in an organism
Golgi Body (apparatus)
A cell placed in this type of solution will swell
What is hypotonic
What is the result of a cell with 24 chromosomes going through the cell cycle?
2 identical daughter cells with 24 chromosomes
3 Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Prokaryote - no nucleus or membrane bound organelles, DNA is circular
If a cell needs to keep a large concentration of K+ inside of its membrane, this process is used
Active transport
This organelle synthesizes lipids and steroids and detoxifies the cell
Smooth ER
A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. After 24 hours, you would expect the cell to _____ in size
During what phase of the cell cycle does DNA replicate?
S phase of Interphase
Why is a high surface area: volume ratio necessary for cells?
Cells must have lots of cell membrane surface area for reactions to occur and for waste to be eliminated.
This is the name of the process where a cell takes in a large quantity of molecules rapidly
Endocytosis
During endocytosis, cells can take in nutrients from their surroundings and then store them using these organelles.
Vacuole
If a cell with a 10% solute concentration is placed in a solution with a 15% solute concentration, what direction will water move?
Out of the cell
A drug prevents microtubules from attaching to chromosomes. Which stage of mitosis will be directly affected, and what specific event will fail to occur?
Give an example of a structure that has high surface area:volume ratio in order to maintain its function
Small intestine, fish gills, elephant ears
When a cell is exporting a protein in mass quantities, what 3 organelles are involved?
Rough ER, Golgi Body, Vesicle
This organelle can fuse with a vacuole to destroy unnecessary cellular components.
Lysosome
A cell with a 0.3 M internal solute concentration is placed in a 0.1 M solution. The membrane is permeable to water but not solutes. In which direction will water move? What happens to the cell
Into the cell; swells
What role do cyclins and CDK's play in the cell cycle?
they help regulate the cell cycle by regulating events at checkpoints (DNA replication, condensing of chromosomes, breakdown of nuclear membrane)
What is meant by "cell compartmentalization"?
the process of organizing a cell into different regions, called compartments, to separate functions and increase efficiency