Cell Membrane
This molecule is made of a phosphate group, glycerol, and fatty acid tails
What is a phospholipid?
The movement of a substance down its concentration gradient
The site of ATP synthesis
What is the mitochondria?
Water-fearing
What is hydrophobic?
As cell size increases, SA:V ratio _____________
What is decreases?
This model describes the cell membrane as a dynamic mosaic of phospholipids and proteins.
What is the fluid mosaic model?
The movement of water down its concentration gradient
What is osmosis?
The site of protein synthesis
What are ribosomes?
Water-loving
This organelle is responsible for storage of macromolecules, release of waste products, and turgor pressure in plants.
What is vacuole?
This property of phospholipids causes them to spontaneously form bilayers in aqueous environments.
What is amphipathicity (having hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails)?
The movement of a substance against its concentration gradient, requiring energy
What is active transport?
The main structural difference between smooth ER and rough ER
What is the presence/absence of ribosomes?
Containing an uneven distribution of electrons (ex: water)
What is polar?
This increases a cell's internal surface area and keeps various chemical reactions separate from each other
What is compartmentalization?
A phospholipid containing this will have one kinked tail
What is an unsaturated fatty acid?
The movement of a typically large or polar substance down its concentration gradient with the help of a transport protein
What is facilitated diffusion?
This organelle folds and modifies proteins
What is the Golgi apparatus?
Having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts
What is amphipathic?
What are small, nonpolar molecules?
This molecule, found on the outside of the cell membrane, is made up of a protein + an oligosaccharide and is important for cell-to-cell recognition
What is a glycoprotein?
A type of protein channel that moves water across the membrane rapidly
Sacs that contain hydrolytic enzymes to break down molecules
What are lysosomes?
This process involves phagocytosis or pinocytosis to bring materials in cell
Molecules that are unable to cross the cell membrane without the help of integral proteins
What are large, polar molecules?