Enzymes
What is the main function of enzymes?
To decrease the activation energy needed for a reaction to occur and speed up the reaction.
What is the formula for photosynthesis? Label reactants and products.
6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Reactants then products
Write the formula for cellular respiration. Label reactants and products.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O
What are redox reactions?
OIL RIG
Oxidation is loss, Reduction is gain.
What do organic molecules have that inorganic molecules do not have?
Carbon
What are the two types of metabolic pathways?
Describe them.
Catabolic - breaking large molecules into smaller molecules
Anabolic - building large molecules from small molecules
Name three different proteins embeded into the thylakoid membrane where the ETC takes place.
What is Photosystem II (PSII), Photosystem I (PSI), and ATP Synthase.
When I say that NADH and FADH2 are energy-carrying molecules, what does that mean that they have in them? (Hint: don't put energy)
Electrons!
What are the 2 forms of energy in Photosynthesis (other than light energy)?
NADPH and ATP
What is the dress up day tomorrow for homecoming week?
What is Jersey Day.
Describe the difference between the active site vs the allosteric site on an enzyme.
The active site is where the substrate would bind to the enzyme.
The allosteric site is where allosteric inhibitors and activators can bind to change the shape of the active site.
Explain excited states vs ground states for electrons in the LD reaction.
Excited electrons have been hit with a photon which makes them bounce around and go down the ETC in the thylakoid membrane. The ground state is when an electron has not had light energy and is more calm.
Formed during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, these specific reduced coenzymes travel to the inner mitochondrial membrane to drop off high-energy electrons at the electron transport chain
What are NADH and FADH₂?
What are the 2 types of anaerobic respiration?
Lactic acid and alcohol fermentation
What animal when using an infrared camera has a red nose? (Hint: Cold Weather)
What are Reindeer!
Describe the difference between exergonic and endergonic reactions.
Exergonic reactions release energy and yield simple products.
Endergonic reactions absorb energy and yield complex molecules.
Driven by a proton gradient, this specific thylakoid membrane protein complex acts like a molecular turbine, spinning to catalyze the phosphorylation of ADP into a vital cellular energy currency.
What is ATP Synthase.
Write how much ATP is made during glycolysis, krebs cycle, and ETC.
2, 2, 26-28
What is the major difference between C3, C4, and CAM plants?
C3 plants stomata stay open most of the time unless they fully close, C4 plants can partially close their stomata, and CAM plants open their stomata at night.
What are the 4 nitrogenous bases for RNA?
GUAC
When cooking an egg white, the clear albumin turns solid and opaque because thermal energy disrupts its hydrogen bonds and unravels its tertiary structure. This everyday culinary phenomenon is a classic example of this irreversible process.
What is denaturation (or protein denaturing)?
How does the ATP synthase work?
The H+ ions that are moving because of the electrical current in the inner membrane are moving them into the ATP synthase which acts like a rotor to pump them across the membrane. The energy from them being pumped across the membrane helps ADP and Pi get bonded together.
Taking place within the mitochondrial matrix, this cyclic pathway extracts high-energy electrons from organic intermediates, transfers them to the coenzymes NAD⁺ and FAD, and releases carbon dioxide as a byproduct while synthesizing ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
What is the Krebs Cycle.
What is split apart at PSII, and what happens to those molecules?
Water is split. Oxygen is released through the stomata, electrons go through the ETC in the thylakoid membrane, and the H+ ions stay in the thylakoid lumen and go to the ATP Synthase to eventually make ATP.
Mr. Johnston has a baby. What is the baby's name?
What is Thomas.