This word describes a membrane that allows some molecules to pass through, but not others.
What is "selectively permeable" or "semipermeable."
100
Passive transport refers to the movement of molecules from areas of _____ concentration to areas of ______ concentration.
High; low
100
Osmosis is the movement of this type of molecule.
What is water?
100
Active transport requires cells to use this form of energy.
What is "ATP" or "adenine triphosphate"?
100
These are the three steps involved in cell signaling.
What is reception, transduction (relay), and response?
200
This molecule is the primary component of cell membranes.
What are phospholipids?
200
When molecules have reached equal concentrations on either side of a membrane, they have reached ____________.
What is equilibrium.
200
A solution that has an equal concentration of solutes compared to a cell is ________.
What is isotonic.
200
Active transport moves molecules in this direction.
What is from low to high, or against the concentration gradient?
200
This word refers to "programmed cell death".
What is apoptosis?
300
What is the name of the model that describes the structure of cell membranes?
What is the "fluid mosaic model"?
300
Passive transport includes both of these two types of cell transport.
What are diffusion and osmosis?
300
When plant cells lose water and shrivel, this is known as ______________.
What is plasmolysis?
300
Bulk transport of molecules into the cell is known as this.
What is endocytosis?
300
Transduction is often accomplished through a phosphorylation cascade that activates and inactivates this type of enzyme.
What is a "kinase"?
400
This steroid molecule is found in between the tails of phospholipids and helps regulate membrane fluidity.
What is cholesterol?
400
Channel proteins and carrier proteins are necessary for this type of passive transport.
What is facilitated diffusion?
400
If a cell with a 10% solute concentration is placed in a solution with a 15% solute concentration, what direction will water move?
100 point bonus: Is this solution hypotonic, hypertonic, or isotonic?
What is into the cell?
400
ATP is necessary for active transport because many membrane proteins must be ___________, which causes a shape change that activates them.
What is phosphorylated?
400
This type of cell surface receptor is the most common in human cells, and is involved in signaling pathways for smell, taste, and cell growth.
What is a G-Protein Coupled Receptor?
500
The interior of the cell membrane is _________, while the exterior of the cell membrane is ________.
Hydrophobic; hydrophilic
500
What types of molecules are able to diffuse across the cell membrane?
Molecules that are small, nonpolar, and hydrophobic.
500
Plant cells survive best in ______________ solutions, while animal cells survive best in _____________ solutions.
Hypotonic; isotonic
500
This active transport membrane protein is responsible for maintaining the electrochemical gradient inside and outside the cell.
What is the sodium-potassium pump?
500
These two small molecules are often used as secondary messengers in transduction?