Heredity
Genetic Disorders
Mendelian Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Inheritance
Review
100
A completely-plated stickleback from a marine population was mated to a low-plated stickleback from a Freshwater population. The resulting F1 hybrids all displayed a completely-plated phenotype. When the F1 hybrids were allowed to interbreed, the resulting F2 generation included completely-plated offspring and low-plated offspring in an approximately 3:1 ratio. Which of the following conditions is best supported by the results of the breeding experiments? A. Phenotypic variation in the F1 generation suggests that armor morphology is controlled by many alleles of a single gene. B. The completely-plated phenotype is controlled by a dominant allele of a single gene. C. Armor loss is an acquired characteristic that is affected by one or more environmental factors. D. Patterns of armor-plating in stickleback population are regulated by sex-specific signals.
B
100
A disorder that effects the nervous system when an individual is between the ages of 35 and 45.
What is Huntington's disease?
100
Several varieties of a gene.
What is an allele?
100
Two heterozygous alleles are both blended and expressed together.
What is Incomplete Dominance?
100
Which of the following occurs in all species of living organisms and may lead to an increase in variation? A. Mutations in the genome B. Crossing over in meiosis C. Random assortment of chromosomes D. Alternative splicing of mRNA
A
200
A pair of chromosomes that contain the same genetic information.
What are homologous chromosomes?
200
Caused by a sex-linked recessive gene. Causes humans to not form blood clots properly.
What is Hemophilia?
200
Genes for two traits that are observed at the same time.
What is a dihybrid cross?
200
When X-inactivation occurs one the chromosodmes remains compact in a _________ _________.
What is a barr body?
200
Which of the following best describes an advantage that eukaryote organisms have over prokaryote organisms? A. Prokaryotes lack a cell membrane and therefore are unable to control what enters or exits a cell. B. Eukaryotes have a nuclear envelope separating their DNA from the rest of the cell, which increases the likelihood of advantageous mutations. C. Eukaryotes have mitochondria and chloroplasts that contain their own genome, which allows the cells to reproduce more rapidly. D. Eukaryotes have organelles that allow for compartmentalization of cellular processes which allows for increased efficiency of these processes.
D
300
To determine the probability of two or more independent events occuring together, you multiply the probability of each of these events happening.
What is the multiplication rule?
300
Nondisjunction of the sex chromosomes. A female can have an XO zygote.
What is Turner Syndrome?
300
The seperation of alleles and their chromosomes to individual gametes.
What is the law of segregation?
300
Genes that are located on the sex chromosomes.
What are sex linked genes?
300
Cell communication is critical for the function of both unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes. Which of the following is likely true of cell signalling? A. Cell signalling uses the highest molecular weight molecules found in living cells. B. Cell-signalling has largely been replaced by other cell functions in higher mammals C. Similar cell-signalling pathways in diverse eukaryotes are evidence of conserved evolutionary processes D. Cell-signalling functions mainly during early developmental stages.
C
400
The allele that is expressed and can overpower another allele to be expressed.
What is a dominant allele?
400
The egg or sperm has an extra 21 chromosome.
What is Down's Syndrome?
400
The parents in the hybrid crosses are represented by the ___ ___________________.
What is the P generation?
400
A chromosome segment is repeated on the same chromosome.
What is duplication?
400
On a large volcanic island, researchers are studying a population of annual herbaceous plants. Which of the following observations best supports the prediction that speciation will occur within the existing plant population? A. Individuals of the species sometimes reproduce asexually by producing runners. B. Lava has separated the population into two areas: an upland forest and a lowland marsh. C. Multiple groups of birds depend upon the fruit produced by the plants as a source of food D. The plants produce more seeds during warm summers than they do during cool winters.
B
500
A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random ferilization.
What is a Punnett Square?
500
A genome with extra or missing chromosomes.
What is aneuploidy?
500
The actual physical expression of a gene.
What is a phenotype?
500
Chromosome segments are rearranged in reverse order on the same chromosome.
What are inversions?
500
Beaked whales feed at various depths, but they defecate at the ocean's surface. Nitrogen-rich whale feces deposited in surface waters supply nutrients for algae that are eaten by surface-dwelling fish. Which of the following best predicts what would happen if the whale population decreased? A. There would be a reduction in surface nitrogen concentration, which would cause an algal bloom. B. The surface fish populations would decrease, due to reduced populations of algae. C. The remaining whales would accumulate mutations at a faster rate. D. The remaining whales would be forced to forage at deeper parts of the ocean.
B
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