Cell Signaling
What are the 3 steps in the signal transduction pathway?
What are a reception, transduction, and response
At what checkpoint does the cell check for properly duplicated DNA?
G2 checkpoint
What is a family of proteins that control the progression of cells through the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) enzymes.
What is a Cyclin
DNA exists as chromatin during
What is interphase
This feedback regulates homeostasis
What is negative?
What is a signal molecule that binds to a receptor?
What is a ligand
During which stage of the cell cycle does DNA replicate?
What is S stage
How many checkpoints are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle?
What is three
A parent cell has 22 chromosomes, how many would a daughter cell have after mitosis?
22
What is apoptosis?
What is controlled cell death
What is attached to the G protein when it is inactive?
What is GDP
At what point in the cell cycle do the sister chromatids separate?
What is Anaphase
What checkpoint decides whether or not the cell will undergo division or enter to G0 phase?
What is G1 Checkpoint
DNA condenses into chromatids during which phase?
What is prophase
This type of feedback increases the stimulus
What is positive (feedback)
What are enzymes that transfer phosphate groups from ATP to a protein
What is a kinase
Two new nuclei form during this stage of Mitosis.
Telophase
At what checkpoint does the cell check to see if the spindle fibers are attached correctly?
What is the M or Spindle checkpoint
One half of a duplicated chromosome is a __________.
What is a chromatid?
Cell communication between a cell in the liver to a cell in the intestines
endocrine
See drawing on the board.
In a signal transduction pathway chart, the arrow means and the line means
1. Activated or converted or entered
2. Inhibited
What are the 3 steps of interphase and 4 steps of mitosis in order?
What are G1, S, G2, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.
What causes cancer (at the cellular level)
What is the accumulation of mutations/errors in genetic material
OR
What is uncontrolled cell growth
A diploid organism with n=5 would have this many chromatids in metaphase
What is 20
Cell communication between two nerve cells
paracrine