Structure of DNA
DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle
Protein Synthesis
Gene Regulation
Overall Review
100
The nitrogenous base adenine pairs with ________ in DNA, but _________ in RNA.
What are THYMINE and URACIL?
100

The phase of the cell cycle during which cells divide is known as this.

What is MITOSIS? 

100
This organelle is responsible for building proteins.
What are RIBOSOMES?
100
Eukaryotic DNA is coiled into these highly condensed structures.
What are CHROMOSOMES?
100
This is a piece of circular bacterial DNA.
What is a PLASMID?
200
The shape of DNA, first published by Watson & Crick, is described as this. BONUS (100): What is the name of the scientist whose data Watson & Crick used without permission to form their hypothesis:
What is a double helix? BONUS: Who is Rosalind Franklin?
200
This enzyme unwinds the DNA molecule before DNA replication.
What is HELICASE?
200
Proteins are long chains made up of this type of molecule.
What are AMINO ACIDS?
200
This enzyme must bind to the promoter region of DNA in order to begin protein synthesis.
What is RNA POLYMERASE?
200

Describe three ways meiosis can increase genetic variation.

Independent Assortment, crossing over and random fertilization 

300
DNA is a polymer made up of monomers called __________.
What are nucleotides.
300
This disease can result when cells divide more frequently than usual.
What is CANCER?
300

These are the two steps of protein synthesis. 

What are TRANSCRIPTION and TRANSLATION? 

300
The removal of this type of molecule allows chromatin to unwind in eukaryotic DNA so that transcription occurs.
What is a METHYL GROUP.
300

The _____ stand of DNA is used for transcription

Template 


400
This sugar is part of the backbone of the DNA molecule.
What is deoxyribose?
400
This enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides to the strand of DNA that is being copied during DNA replication.
What is DNA POLYMERASE?
400
This type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome and binds to mRNA based on its anticodon.
What is tRNA?
400
Chromatin is wound around this protein when DNA is in its highly condensed form.
What is a HISTONE?
400

The __________________ model of DNA replication was supported by Meselson and Stahl. 

Semiconservative 


500
Adenine and ___________ are both purines, while cytosine and ___________ are both pyrimidines.
What are GUANINE and THYMINE?
500

 When cells are destroyed, they go through this process.

 What is APOPTOSIS?

500
Amino acids are linked together with this type of bond.
What is a PEPTIDE BOND?
500
Sequences of genes that are removed from mRNA before translation are called ____________.
What are INTRONS?
500

What is the main role of enzyme helices during DNA replication? 

unwinds double stranded DNA for replication 

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