DNA Replication
This enzyme is responsible for "unzipping" the double helix of DNA.
Helicase
This enzyme is responsible for synthesizing mRNA during transcription.
RNA Polymerase
In prokaryotes, this cluster of genes and the DNA sequences that control their expression is called what?
an Operon
This technique is used to amplify specific DNA sequences.
PCR
What is the date of your AP exam?
May 4th
This enzyme joins the Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand, creating a continuous DNA molecule.
DNA Ligase.
Name the cellular location where translation occurs in eukaryotes.
The ribosome
Name the protein that binds to the operator of an operon, preventing transcription.
A repressor
Name the enzymes that cut DNA at specific recognition sites, essential for recombinant DNA technology.
Restriction Enzymes
What did we do on the first day of school?
Fortune teller fish activity
Describe the directionality that DNA polymerase synthesizes a new DNA strand.
5' to 3'
This type of molecule carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.
tRNA
What binds to the promoter region in a trip operon?
What is RNA polymerase?
This process separates DNA fragments based on their size using an electric field.
Gel Electrophoresis
Whats a fascinating adaptation that a woodpecker has that allows it to live in trees?
tongue that wraps around head like a helmet
Which DNA strand is made during DNA replication AWAY from the replication fork.
The lagging strand.
Explain what causes a frameshift mutation, and how this differs from a substitution mutation.
An insertion or deletion shifts the reading frame, changing all subsequent codons, while a substitution only changes a single codon?
What does lactose do to the repressor?
Causes it to change shape/not bind to operator
Describe how a scientist makes multiple copies of the insulin gene using a bacterial cell.
By inserting the gene into a bacterial plasmid to form recombinant DNA. This plasmid is inserted into E. coli bacteria, which are grown and replicates the gene as they divide
the only organ that can completely regenerate itself, allowing for living donations of up to half the organ.
Explain the concept of semiconservative replication.
Each new DNA molecule contains one original strand and one newly synthesized strand.
Describe the role of the 5' cap and poly-A tail in mRNA processing.
To prevent the breakdown of mRNA prior to translation and provide a site of ribosome attachment
Describe the difference between inducible and repressible operons. What type of operon is the lac operon?
Inducible operons are usually "off" but can be turned "on" by an inducer, while repressible operons are usually "on" but can be turned "off" by a corepressor.
What does RFLPs stand for and what are they?
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) is a molecular biology technique that identifies variations in homologous DNA sequences by digesting them with restriction enzymes, resulting in different-sized fragments.
The number of bones in our body drops from about 300 bones at birth to what number? and why does it go down?
206. Due to fusion, smaller, cartilage-heavy bones merge into larger, stronger bones. This flexibility allows babies to pass through the birth canal, while the high count in hands/feet allows for growth