Cell Signaling
What are the 3 steps in the signal transduction pathway?
What are a reception, transduction, and response
What happens during Cytokinesis?
Cytoplasm is pinched into two nearly equal parts or a cell plate forms midway between the divided nuclei.
What is the term for short distance signaling?
What is paracrine
What is a family of proteins that control the progression of cells through the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) enzymes.
What is a cyclin
The type of feedback loop that pushes an organism further away from homeostasis (ex. labor)
What is positive feedback loop?
What is a signal molecule that binds to a larger molecule on the cell's surface.
What is a ligand
What stage of the cell cycle does our DNA replicate?
The term for long distance signaling
What is endocrine
How many checkpoints are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle?
What is 3
The type of feedback loop that brings the organism closer to homeostasis.
What is negative feedback loop?
What happens after a ligand binds to its receptor?
What is protein modification?
What are the 3 steps of interphase and 5 steps of mitosis?
What are G1, S, G2, Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.
The term for a cell communicating with itself
What is autocrine
What checkpoint decides whether or not the cell will undergo division or enter to G0 phase?
What is G1?
What type of receptor forms a dimer when activated?
What is a tyrosine kinase receptor?
What is the most common response of transduction pathways?
What is gene expression
Two new nuclei form during this stage of Mitosis.
What is Telophase?
The term for cells communication through direct contact
What is direct or juxtacrine.
At what checkpoint does the cell check to see if the spindle fibers are attached correctly?
What is M or spindle checkpoint?
What is apoptosis?
What is controlled cell death?
What is a series of chemical reactions during cell signaling mediated by enzymes, in which each kinase in turn phosphorylates and activates another?
What is Phosphorylation Cascade
At what point in the cell cycle do the sister chromatids separate?
What is Anaphase
What are the terms for direct contact between animal and plant cells?
What is gap junction and plasmodesmata.
What causes cancer?
What is the accumulation of mutations in genetic material/uncontrolled cell growth
What type of receptor is found on the inside of the cell rather than the cell membrane?
What is an intracellular recptor?