Cell Signaling
What are the 3 steps in the signal transduction pathway?
What are a reception, transduction, and response
What happens during Cytokinesis?
Cytoplasm is pinched into two nearly equal parts or a cell plate forms midway between the divided nuclei.
What is a family of proteins that control the progression of cells through the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) enzymes.
What is a Cyclin
A process that adds a phosphate group onto a protein to “activate” it—that is, to change its shape enough that it can function properly
Phosphorylation
What is Coach Scott's first name?
Andrea
What is a signal molecule that binds to a larger molecule.
What is a ligand
What stage of the cell cycle does our DNA replicate?
How many checkpoints are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle?
four
Bacterial cells typically achieve cytokinesis by
binary fission
What is apoptosis?
What is controlled cell death
What is the most common response/goal of transduction pathways?
Gene expression and cell function
What are the 3 steps of interphase and 5 steps of mitosis?
What are G1, S, G2, Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.
What checkpoint decides whether or not the cell will undergo division or enter to G0 phase?
What is G1 Checkpoint
If a system is perturbed, this feedback mechanism returns the system back to its target set point.
Feedback mechanism that amplifies responses and processes.
Positive feedback
What are enzymes that transfer phosphate groups from ATP to a protein
What is a kinase
Two new nuclei form during this stage of Mitosis.
What is Telophase?
At what checkpoint does the cell check to see if the spindle fibers are attached correctly?
M checkpoint
A form of cell signaling in which the target cell is near the signal-releasing cell.
Paracrine
What is the division of the nucleus?
mitosis
Cell communication used by bacteria to determine the population density of their species in a local area
Quorum sensing
At what point in the cell cycle do the sister chromatids separate?
What is Anaphase
What causes cancer?
What is the accumulation of mutations in genetic material causing uncontrolled cell growth
Cell communication: cell secretes a hormone that binds to a receptor on itself
autocrine
Cells that don't divide go to this step.
What is G0 phase?