1
What cells form the myelin sheaths around nerve fibers in the PNS?
schwann cells
Support cells in the central nervous system are collectively called ________.
neuroglia
The part of the neuron that typically conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body is the ________.
axon
The gaps between Schwann cells found at regular intervals in peripheral system neurons are called ________.
nodes of Ranvier
Sensory receptors located in muscles and tendons are termed ________.
proprioreceptors
Ganglia are collections of ________.
cell bodies
The gap between two communicating neurons is termed ________.
synaptic cleft
The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata are housed in the ________.
brain stem
Mr. Warren has spinal cord damage that prevents nerve impulses from being carried from the CNS to muscles or glands. What specific type of neuron has been damaged?
motor neuron
What are the major positive ions situated outside the neuron when it is polarized?
sodium
Myelinated fibers (tracts) form ________ matter while unmyelinated fibers form ________ matter.
white; gray
What type of neuron connects sensory and motor neurons in neural pathways?
interneurons
During repolarization, what ions are pumped out of the cell?
potassium
Impulse conduction is faster in neurons that are ________.
myelinated
Which ion causes neurotransmitter vesicles to fuse with the axon's membrane during the conduction of a nerve impulse from one neuron to the next?
calcium
The hypothalamus is the "emotional-visceral" center of the brain and, thus, is an important part of the ________.
limbic system
What reflexes stimulate skeletal muscles?
somatic
The thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus collectively constitute the ________.
diencephalon
What brain dysfunction results when blood supply to a region (or regions) of the brain is blocked and vital brain tissue dies, as by a blood clot or a ruptured blood vessel?
stroke
The brain and spinal cord are protected and cushioned by three connective tissue membranes that are collectively called ________.
meninges
Cerebrospinal fluid is formed from blood by clusters of capillaries in the brain known as ________.
choroid plexus
Immediately after an action potential is propagated, which one of the following ions rapidly diffuses out of the cell into the tissue fluid?
potassium ions
Which of the following terms indicates a nerve impulse has been initiated and is being transmitted?
action potential
A special group of neurons in the gray matter of the brain stem that plays a role in consciousness and the awake/sleep cycles is the ________.
reticular activating system
In which cerebral lobe is the primary somaticsensory cortex located?
parietal
The blood-brain barrier is formed by ________ junctions that nearly seamlessly bind capillaries in the brain.
tight
Which of the following is one of the major functions of the pons?
breathing
What fissure separates the two cerebral hemispheres of the brain?
longitudinal fissure
The hypothalamus regulates the ________.
pituitary gland
An action potential is caused by an influx of ________ ions into the cell.
sodium
Rick quickly pulled his hand away from the hot stove. What type of reflex is this?
withdrawal
Control of temperature, endocrine activity, metabolism, and thirst are functions associated with the ________.
hypothalamus
The large fiber tract that allows communication between the two cerebral hemispheres is called the ________.
corpus collosum
The term central nervous system refers to the ________.
brain and spinal cord
Fibers that carry information from the skin, joints, and skeletal muscles to the central nervous system are ________.
somatic and sensory
Which of these neuroglial cells forms the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?
oligodendrocytes
Which ciliated neuroglial cell circulates cerebrospinal fluid?
ependymal cells
Nerve impulse transmissions occurring along myelinated neurons are called ________.
saltatory conduction
A stroke in the primary motor area has caused Don to lose control over his skeletal muscles on the right side of his body. What lobe of his brain was damaged?
frontal lobe
The vital centers for the control of visceral activities such as heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and vomiting are located in the ________.
medulla oblongata
What part of the neuron releases neurotransmitters from vesicles?
axon terminal
Ms. Young feels deep pressure during a tooth extraction. Which type of sensory receptor detects this sensation?
lamellar corpusicle
What is the primary role of the interneuron (association neuron)?
connect motor and sensory neurons
How are neurons with several processes branching off the cell body, such as motor neurons and interneurons (association neurons), structurally classified?
multipolar
What are the two major functional properties of neurons?
irritability and conductivity
Neurons either conduct action potentials along the length of their axons, or they remain at rest. This statement best describes ________.
the all-or-none response
Sally has a brain injury; she knows what she wants to say but can't vocalize the words. The part of her brain that deals with the ability to say words properly is the ________.
broca's area
Wendy had a few alcoholic drinks, then found walking and maintaining her balance difficult. Which part of her brain was sedated by the alcohol?
cerebellum