Organs / Functions
What disposes of waste products in urine to control blood concentration?
Kidneys
This hormone increases water reabsorption in the kidneys
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
This is the functional unit of the kidney
Nephron
What are the three primary nitrogenous wastes in the human body?
Urea, uric acid, creatinine
A bacterial infection of the urinary tract, often caused by E. coli
Urinary tract infection (UTI)
This organ collects and temporarily store the urine formed by the kidneys
Urinary Bladder
What does ADH and RAAS work on achieving?
Retaining water in the blood to maintain proper blood volume pressure
What are the arterioles and its function?
Afferent arteriole = vessel that carries blood into the glomerulus
Efferent arteriole = vessel that carries blood away from the glomerulus
Name the abnormal urinary constituents
Glucose, Proteins, Pus (WBCs and bacteria), RBCS, hemoglobin, Bile pigment
What is the condition where there is the presence of blood in the urine?
Hematuria
Other than removing wastes, the kidneys can help with:
regulating blood pressure, stimulate RBC production, and stimulates calcium absorption
What stimulates the thirst mechanism in one's brain?
Rein-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)
Name the subdivisions of the renal tubule
Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), Nephron loop (loop of Henle), Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
What is the process of tubular reabsorption?
Capillaries reabsorb or reclaim necessary substances from the renal tubule cells, such as water, glucose, amino acids, and necessary ions, in the proximal convoluted tubule as a "2nd check"
What is polycystic kidney disease (PKD)?
fluid-filled cysts grow in kidneys and cause loss of function
What is the purpose of the urethra?
It is the tube that helps travel urine through to exit the body
This is produced to cause vasoconstriction to increase blood pressure
angiotensin
What are adrenal glands?
They are endocrine glands that produce hormones to regulate blood pressure, metabolism, and epinephrine for the fight or flight response
During urine formation, proteins and blood cells are found in a patient's urine. Which process of urine formation is most likely impaired?
Glomerular filtration
Ollie's urine test results revealed that he has been excreting excess glucose. Based on his results, what is the most plausible cause?
Diabetes mellitus
Damage to these functional units of the kidney would affect filtration and could lead into build up of wastes in the blood
Nephrons
What is the process of RAAS?
1) Kidneys produce renin
2) Rein stimulates liver to produce angiotensin which causes vasoconstriction to increase blood pressure
3) Angiotensin stimulates adrenal glands to secrete aldosterone which reabsorbs salt, therefore reabsorbing water
If the kidney structure that is composed of renal pyramids is impaired, what effect would it have on the urinary system?
It disrupts the urine concentration, which does not allow the system to discard waste efficiently
Luke got involved in an accident that led into severe blood loss, which led into the production of very little urine. What condition best describes this urine output?
Oliguria
A patient has a condition where there kidneys are damaged to the point where its unable to effectively filter waste products from blood and produce urine. What treatment can help with this disease?