Tissue General
What type of tissue allows materials to pass through diffusion and filtration, such as in the lungs and kidneys?
Simple squamous epithelium
What are the three main components of any connective tissue?
Cells, ground substance, fibers
What type of epithelial tissue stretches readily and lines the ureters and bladder?
Transitional epithelium
Name two of the major functions of the skin
Protection, temperature regulation, sensation, metabolic functions, blood reservoir, excretion, vitamin D synthesis
What type of cells make up the majority of the epidermis?
Keratinocytes
What are the two layers of the dermis?
Papillary layer and reticular layer
What is the most dangerous (lethal) type of skin cancer?
Melanoma
What type of tissue contracts and propels blood into circulation and is found in the heart walls?
Cardiac muscle tissue
Which connective tissue provides reserve fuel, insulates, and protects organs?
Adipose loose CT proper
What type of epithelial tissue secretes substances and moves them via cilia, such as in the trachea?
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
What type of gland is involved in thermoregulation and produces watery sweat?
Eccrine gland
What is the correct order of the epidermal layers from surface to deepest?
Corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale
Which dermal layer provides nutrients and oxygen to the avascular epidermis?
Papillary layer
What happens to skin tissue in a second-degree burn?
Epidermis and part of the dermis are damaged; blisters form
What are the four primary types of tissue in the human body?
Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
What type of connective tissue forms the internal framework of lymphoid organs like the spleen?
Reticular loose CT proper
What type of epithelial tissue functions in secretion and absorption in kidney tubules and ducts?
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Where do you find apocrine sweat glands?
Axillary and anogenital regions
Which layer of the epidermis is only found in thick skin like palms and soles?
Stratum lucidum
What type of connective tissue is found in the reticular layer of the dermis?
Dense irregular connective tissue
What causes skin cancer at the cellular level?
UV-induced DNA mutations in skin cells
What are the special junctions found in cardiac muscle that allow coordinated contraction?
Intercalated discs
Which connective tissue is tightly packed with parallel collagen fibers and resists stretch in one direction?
Dense regular connective tissue (DRCT)
Which cell type in epithelial tissue secretes mucous?
Goblet cells
Why do cells in the stratum corneum appear flat and dead while those in the basale layer are alive and dividing?
Corneum cells lack nuclei, filled with keratin; Basale gets blood supply, nutrients
Which layer of the epidermis contains mitotically active cells?
Stratum basale
Which protein fiber allows the dermis to stretch and recoil?
Elastic fibers
How does a doctor measure the extent of a burn injury?
Rule of Nines
What type of tissue transmits electrical signals from sensory receptors to effectors?
Nervous tissue
What type of connective tissue supports, protects, stores minerals, and houses blood-forming cells?
Osseous tissue (bone)
Epithelial tissue is avascular, meaning it gets its nutrients through diffusion. This means that below epithelium there is always ______
A basement membrane (containing a basal lamina and reticular lamina) sitting on areolar connective tissue
Starting with the most immediately dangerous, list the symptoms caused by third-degree burns.
Fluid loss, infection risk, impaired temperature regulation; could lead to death
What is the function of desmosomes in the stratum spinosum?
Provide structural strength by anchoring adjacent cells
List two structures which are embedded within the dermis?
Hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, sensory receptors, blood vessels
A patient presents with a blue hue to the skin (cyanosis). Explain the likely cause and which tissue type is failing.
Low oxygenation of blood; connective (blood) or respiratory epithelial malfunction