Blood Flow
This upper right chamber of the heart collects deoxygenated blood returning from the body via the superior and inferior venae cavae.
These microscopic, cup-shaped air sacs at the terminal ends of the respiratory tree provide the massive surface area required for gas exchange in the lungs.
alveoli
These shelf-like bony projections inside the nasal cavity create turbulence to warm, humidify, and filter incoming air before it reaches the lower respiratory tract.
nasal conchae or turbinates
Described by the "fluid mosaic model," this selectively permeable boundary consists of a phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates.
cell membrane
what term describes the turning of an extremity away from the midline?
external rotation
Also known as the right atrioventricular valve, this one-way structure has three cusps and prevents blood from flowing backward into the right atrium during ventricular contraction.
Tricuspid valve
This primary physical process moves oxygen from the alveoli into the blood and carbon dioxide from the blood into the alveoli, operating entirely down concentration and partial pressure gradients without cellular energy.
diffusion
Serving as a common highway for both the respiratory and digestive systems, this muscular tube connects the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx and esophagus.
pharynx
Featuring an inner folded membrane called cristae, this double-membrane organelle is the primary site of aerobic cellular respiration and ATP synthesis.
mitochondria
What term describes the part of an extremity that is farther from the trunk?
distal
After passing through the pulmonary veins, blood immediately enters this specific chamber of the heart before being pumped into systemic circulation.
left atrium
Secreted by Type II alveolar cells, this detergent-like complex of phospholipids and proteins reduces surface tension in the fluid lining the alveoli, preventing them from collapsing during exhalation.
surfactant
Composed of elastic cartilage, this leaf-like structure folds downward over the glottis during swallowing to prevent food and liquids from entering the lower airway.
epiglottis
Surrounded by a double-membrane nuclear envelope pierced by pores, this prominent structure houses the cell's DNA and directs overall cellular activities.
nucleus
What term describes a body that is resting on its back and facing downward?
Prone
This thickest muscular wall of the heart pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta; its thickness reflects the high pressure required to drive blood through the entire systemic circuit.
Left ventricle
Roughly 98.5% of oxygen transported in the blood is reversibly bound to this iron-containing protein found inside red blood cells.
hemoglobin
Embedded within the wall of the trachea, these incomplete rings of hyaline cartilage prevent the airway from collapsing during pressure changes of breathing.
cartilage rings
These membrane-bound vesicles contain a cocktail of acidic hydrolytic enzymes responsible for breaking down damaged organelles, foreign particles, and cellular debris.
lysosomes
A vertical plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves?
sagittal plane
Unlike the chambers they surround, the heart muscle tissue itself receives its oxygenated blood supply directly from these specific vessels that branch off immediately superior to the aortic semilunar valve.
Coronary arteries
Gas exchange relies on differences in this specific measure, which represents the pressure exerted by a single gas within a mixture of gases.
partial pressure
These 2 slippery serous membranes enclose each lung, consisting of an outer layer attached to the chest wall and an inner layer adhering directly to the lung surface.
visceral and parietal pleura
Studded with ribosomes on its outer surface, this extensive network of interconnected membranous sacs synthesizes and modifies proteins destined for the cell membrane or secretion.
rough endoplasmic reticulum
What term means toward the tail or inferior? It's not sub, or distal!
caudal