Hierarchy of Organization
What is the smallest, basic unit of life that is responsible for all of life’s processes?
Cell
What is homeostasis?
Maintenance of stable internal conditions despite changing external conditions.
What organs comprise the nervous system?
Brain, spinal cord
The head is ____________ to the neck.
Superior
Place the following components into ascending order from smallest to largest:
Cell, tissue, atom, organism, organ, organ system
Atom, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
Give two examples of homeostatic processes that the body uses to maintain balance.
Thermoregulation
Blood glucose regulation
Bp regulation
pH regulation
Blood clotting
Osmoregulation
List 5 organ systems in the human body.
Any of the 11
The hip is ______to the ankle.
Proximal
How do body parts at different levels of organization vary in complexity?
With increasing level, complexity increases.
Explain positive feedback and give one example.
Positive feedback involves a response that reinforces the change detected (amplifying the change).
Childbirth
Blood clotting (hemostasis)
Lactation
What is the function of the lymphatic system?
It maintains balance of body fluids and protects against infection. Part of the immune system.
Which body cavity contains the lungs and heart?
Thoracic cavity
Define tissue.
A group of structurally and functionally similar cells that work together to perform a specific function.
When blood glucose levels are too high, an individual needs _______ to restore homeostasis.
Insulin
Contrast the structure and function of the cardiovascular system and the respiratory system.
Cardio: heart and blood vessels pump blood through the body to deliver oxygen and nutrients.
Respiratory: Lungs and upper respiratory organs are involved in gas exchange.
Define ventral and dorsal.
Ventral: front or belly side
Dorsal: back side
The brain is an example of an organ. Explain how the lower levels of organization build into this organ.
The brain is made of nervous tissue, which is composed of nervous cells. These cells are composed of molecules and atoms.
List the three parts of the homeostatic feedback loop and explain what they mean. Give an example of each in the human body.
Receptor: receives input from stimulus
Control center: makes a decision to respond based on input from receptor
Effectors: implement a response based on the instruction of the control center
Which two body systems are involved in integration and coordination of body functions?
Nervous and endocrine
A cut through the ______ plan will produce equal left and right halves.
Midsaggital