The Structures of Organic Molecules
How many valence electrons does carbon have?
4
What is the simplest class of organic compounds?
Hydrocarbons
Molecules with the same chemical formula but different molecular shapes
Alcohols are hydrocarbon derivatives with one or more hydrogens of a parent hydrocarbon that have been replaced by what?
hydroxyl or alcohol
What are nucleic acids?
A class of biopolymers that carry DNA.
Tetrahedral
What IMF determines the melting and boiling points of hydrocarbons?
London Dispersion
Do different countries have different names for isomers?
No, the IUPAC sets rules for naming compounds, which are followed by all chemists
How many bonds does carbon usually form in its compounds?
Four bonds in nearly every compound due to its valence electrons.
What causes hydrocarbons to be insoluble in water?
Carbon and hydrogen atoms don't have very different electronegativities, causing them to be nonpolar.
Prefix (what substituents), Base (how many carbons), Suffix (what family).
When necessary, the location of the OH group is defined by what?
The appropriate numeral prefix.
Where is RNA (Ribonucleic acid) found?
What is the hybridization of a tetrahedral-shaped molecule?
What are the four types of hydrocarbons?
Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons.
How does the naming process work when two or more of the same substituents are present?
How are the simplest of alcohols named?
Changing the last letter in the name of the corresponding alkane to ol (Ethane to Ethanol).
What are the monomers of nucleic acids called?
nucleotides
Where are hydrogen atoms located on organic molecules?
On the surface of organic molecules, as hydrogen holds two valence electrons
Because alkanes have the largest possible number of hydrogen atoms per carbon atom, they have a special name. What is this name?
Saturated Hydrocarbons.
What is the name of the substituent group formed by removing a hydrogen atom from an alkane?
Alkyl group
What is the name of the alcohols that contain one or more OH groups?
Polyhydroxyl alcohols