Chemistry Foundations
What are the three main states of matter?
Solid, liquid, and gas
What is the atomic number of an element equal to?
The number of protons
What law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed?
Law of Conservation of Energy
What is the pH of a neutral substance?
7
What element is always present in organic compounds?
Carbon
Which subatomic particle has a positive charge and is found in the nucleus?
Proton
Elements in the same column (group) on the periodic table have similar what?
Chemical properties
What type of reaction releases energy to its surroundings?
Exothermic reaction
Is a substance with a pH of 2 acidic or basic?
Acidic
Which macromolecule is the body’s main source of quick energy?
Carbohydrates
What state of matter has a definite volume but no definite shape?
Liquid
Are metals, nonmetals, or metalloids good conductors of heat and electricity?
Metals
What type of reaction absorbs energy from its surroundings?
Endothermic reaction
What is the pH range of a basic substance?
8-14
What macromolecule is used for long-term energy storage and insulation?
Lipids (fats)
When a liquid turns into a gas, what is this process called?
Evaporation
hat group of elements is found in Group 18 and is known for being very unreactive?
In a chemical reaction, why must the number of atoms be the same on both sides of the equation?
Matter is conserved
What happens to the pH when a base is added to an acid?
The pH increases (moves toward neutral)
Which macromolecule is responsible for building muscles and enzymes?
Proteins
Which particle has no definite shape or volume?
Gas
An atom has 11 protons and 12 neutrons. What element is it?
Sodium (NA)
Give one real-world example of an exothermic reaction.
Combustion, hand warmers, burning fuel, respiration
Bases typically have which type of property?
Slippery
Why are enzymes important in chemical reactions in the body?
They speed up reactions without being used up