Atomic Structure
What particle determines an element's identity?
Proton
What type of bonds transfer electrons?
Ionic bonds
What are the numbers in front of compounds in equations called?
Coefficients
What does a catalyst do?
Lowers activation energy
What is the pH of a neutral solution?
7
What happens to atomic radius across a period?
It decreases left to right
What shape is CH4?
tetrahedral!
What is oxidation?
Loss of electrons (OIL RIG!!)
What happens to reaction rate when temperature increases?
Rate increases!
What does a Bronsted-Lowry acid do?
donates proton.
Why do cations have smaller radii than neutral atoms?
They lose electrons and electron repulsion decreases
What IMF exists in all molecules?
London dispersion forces (LDFs)
What are spectator ions?
Ions that do not participate in the reaction
What theory explains reactions through particle collisions?
Collision theory
What does a negative delta G mean?
The reaction is spontaneous/thermodynamically favorable!
What experiment discovered the electron?
Cathode ray tube experiment
Why is water bent instead of linear?
Because of the lone pair of electrons on the oxygen.
what is reduced in a redox reaction?
The species gaining electrons (again, OIL RIG!!)
What happens to equilibrium if reactant is added?
Shifts toward products
What is the relationship between pH and pOH?
pH+pOH = 14
Why is fluorine the most electronegative element?
Small radius and high effective nuclear charge.
What is the hybridization of carbon in C2H4?
sp^2
use PV = nRT
P = nRT/V
P=7.38atm
What principle predicts equilibrium shifts under stress?
Le Chatelier's Principle
Final Jeopardy!
A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of 3.2*10^-4 M. What is the pOH?
Answer:
pH=-log[H+]=3.49
pOH = 14 - 3.49
pOH = 10.51