Thermodynamics
What mathematical relationship connects Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and temperature to determine the spontaneity of a reaction?
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
What is the name of the acid with the formula H2SO4?
Sulfuric Acid
In a voltaic cell, what is the name of the electrode at which oxidation occurs?
Anode
If doubling the concentration of reactant A increases the reaction rate by a factor of 4, what is the reaction order with respect to reactant A?
Reaction order is 2
What is the name of the subatomic particle that has a positive charge and is found in the nucleus?
What are protons
A process where heat is released into the surroundings is described as what?
Exothermic Process
What is the term for a solution that resists changes in pH?
Buffer
What is the name for a reaction that involves the transfer of electrons?
Redox reaction
What is a substance that speeds up a reaction
Catalyst
What is the term for the number of protons in an atom's nucleus, which determines its atomic identity?
Atomic number
If a reaction has a negative change in Gibbs free energy, it is a spontaneous or non-spontaneous reaction?
Spontaneous
Name a strong base that is a group 1 hydroxide
Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)
What is the name of the process by which a substance that dissolves in water will form ions?
Electrolysis
Minimum energy required for a reaction to occur
Activation energy
What is the name of the model that shows electrons as existing in specific energy levels and orbitals around the nucleus
bohr model
What is the term for the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius?
Specific Heat Compacity
What type of reaction occurs when an acid and a base combine?
Neutralization
What is the name of the electrochemical process used to deposit a metal onto a surface?
Electroplating
this law expresses the rate of a reaction in terms of concentrations of the reactants
rate law
What is the name of the principle that states that electrons will fill the lowest energy levels first when determining electron configuration?
aufbau principle
Which thermodynamic concept describes the measure of disorder or randomness in a system?
Entropy
In a buffer system, which component prevents pH changes when a small amount of acid is added?
Conjugate base of the weak acid
What is the name of the cell where chemical energy is converted to electrical energy?
Galvanic Cell
multi-step reaction where the overall rate is determined by the slowest step
reaction mechanism
What is the term for the amount of energy needed to remove an electron from an atom in its gaseous state?
ionization energy