Atomic Structure & Properies
A 10 g sample of pure NaCl is 60.66% Cl by mass. What percent by mass of chlorine is a 5 g sample of pure NaCl?
60.66% Cl by mass
Chromatography separates mixtures based on differences in ________.
Polarity
Gas pressure is caused by what?
The collision of particles against container walls
Combustion of a hydrocarbon produces what?
Carbon dioxide and water
What does Coulomb's law state?
Coulombic attraction is directly proportional to the strength of the charges and inversely proportional to the distance between those charges.
Name all of the diatomic element.
H2, N2, F2, O2, I2, Cl2, Br2
What type of compound is a diamond?
covalent network solid
Heating a rigid container will cause what to happen?
Pressure will increase
As temperature increases, the pH of pure water will do what?
Increase
Mass spectroscopy measures what?
The mass of isotopes
How many pi and sigma bonds are in carbon monoxide?
one sigma bond
two pi bonds
Which substance will have the highest boiling point and why?
F2 or HF
HF because of dipole-dipole attractions
If one mole of gas in a container has a pressure of 0.5 atm, what will the pressure be if an additional mole of gas is added to the container? Assume volume and temperature remain constant.
Rank the following instruments from least precise to most precise:
beaker, burette, graduated cylinder
beaker --> graduated cylinder --> burette
Why are electrons more attracted to the nucleus moving across a period on the periodic table?
Effective nuclear charge (Zeff) increases
What is the bond angle in a molecule that has sp3 hybridization?
109.5o
Which substance will have the higher vapor pressure and why?
F2 or I2
I2 because of stronger LDFs due to more electrons
If H2 and Cl2 are both at a temperature of 300 K, what can be determined about velocity that each gas particle is moving at?
H2 gas particles are moving faster than Cl2 gas particles
Ms. Smith has a jug of 15 M HCl. What volume (in mL) of 15 M HCl would she need to use in order to prepare 1.0 L of 0.10 M HCl for an Honor Chem lab activity?
6.7 mL
Calculate the empirical formula for a substance with 3.57g of nitrogen and 2.04g of oxygen.
N2O
What 2 factors cause the lattice energy of an ionic bond to increase?
increasing charges of ions
decreasing ionic radii
In paper chromatography, if the mobile phase is polar, will polar or nonpolar molecules travel the furthest?
polar
Real gases behave most like an ideal gas at high temperatures and low pressure. Aside from T and P, what are two other factors that will cause a gas to NOT behave like an ideal gas?
being polar
being a larger gas molecule
Is oxygen being oxidized or reduced? Justify your answer in terms of oxidation numbers.
H2O2 --> H2O + O2
Oxidized because it goes from -1 to 0 in O2.
Reduced because it goes from -1 to -2 in H2O.