Atomic Structure & Periodic Trends
Which subatomic particle determines the identity of an element?
What is the proton?
What type of bond forms when electrons are shared between atoms?
What is a covalent bond?
What law states that matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction?
What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?
What does ΔH represent in a chemical reaction?
What is the change in enthalpy?
What is the pH of a neutral solution at 25°C?
What is 7?
As you move from left to right across a period, what generally happens to atomic radius?
What is it decreases?
What is the molecular geometry of H₂O?
What is bent?
How many moles are in 44 grams of CO₂?
What is 1 mole?
If a reaction releases heat, is it endothermic or exothermic?
What is exothermic?
According to Brønsted-Lowry theory, what does an acid do?
What is donate a proton (H⁺)?
An atom has the electron configuration 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵. What element is it?
What is chlorine?
Which intermolecular force is strongest: London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces, or hydrogen bonding?
What is hydrogen bonding?
In the reaction 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O, which reactant is limiting if there are 4 moles of H₂ and 1 mole of O₂?
What is O₂?
What happens to reaction rate when temperature increases?
What is the reaction rate usually increases because particles collide more often and with greater energy?
If the equilibrium shifts to the right after adding more reactant, what principle explains this?
What is Le Châtelier’s Principle?
Explain why ionization energy generally increases across a period.
What is increasing nuclear charge pulls electrons closer, making them harder to remove?
Why does CO₂ have polar bonds but remain a nonpolar molecule overall?
What is the molecule is linear and the bond dipoles cancel out?
A reaction has an actual yield of 18 g and a theoretical yield of 24 g. What is the percent yield?
What is 75%?
A reaction has a negative ΔG value. Is the reaction spontaneous or nonspontaneous?
What is spontaneous?
A solution has an H⁺ concentration of 1 × 10⁻⁴ M. What is its pH?
What is 4?
An unknown element has 2 valence electrons and is located in period 4. Identify the element.
What is calcium?
Predict the hybridization of the central atom in CH₄.
What is sp³?
How many grams of NaCl are produced when 2 moles of Na react completely with excess Cl₂?
What is about 117 grams?
What happens to the equilibrium constant if a catalyst is added to a reaction?
What is the equilibrium constant stays the same?
If the Ka value of an acid is very large, is the acid weak or strong?
What is strong?